Protein Analysis Tools and Techniques

SDS-PAGE

Technique for protein separation by molecular weight.

Isoelectric focusing

Separates proteins based on their isoelectric points.

2D-Gel Electrophoresis

Combines IEF and SDS-PAGE for protein analysis.

ELISA

Assay to detect and quantify proteins.

Western Blot

Technique for detecting specific proteins in a sample.

Coomassie blue dye

Common stain for visualizing proteins in gels.

Silver staining

More sensitive method for protein detection.

Protein arrays

High-throughput method for analyzing protein interactions.

Crystallography

Technique for determining protein structures via X-ray.

NMR

Technique for determining protein structures in solution.

Chromatography

Method for separating proteins based on properties.

Molecular weight

Mass of a protein, influencing migration in gels.

Rf value

Relative migration distance of protein in gel.

Ampholytes

Substances creating pH gradients in isoelectric focusing.

Isoelectric point

pH where protein has no net charge.

Detergent

Substance used to denature proteins in SDS-PAGE.

Acrylamide concentration

Determines pore size in PAGE gel.

Protein purification

Process of isolating proteins from complex mixtures.

Ion-exchange chromatography

Separates proteins based on charge.

Size-exclusion chromatography

Separates proteins based on size.

Affinity chromatography

Uses specific interactions to isolate proteins.

Staining procedure

Process of visualizing proteins on gels.

Agitation during staining

Ensures uniform dye penetration in gels.