Biological Macromolecules

This set of flashcards covers definitions and concepts regarding the four main types of biological macromolecules, focusing on their structures and functions.

Macromolecules

Large biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, made of smaller subunits called monomers.

Nucleic Acids

Large molecules that store and transmit genetic information, primarily DNA and RNA.

Nucleotide

The monomer of a nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen base.

Phosphodiester Bond

The bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next in a nucleic acid.

Double Helix

The twisted structure of DNA, composed of two complementary and antiparallel strands.

Hydrophobic

Nonpolar molecules that do not dissolve in water, a property of lipids.

Triglycerides

Common lipids consisting of one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Phospholipids

Lipids composed of one glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group, forming bilayers in water.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds, straight and solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds, bent and liquid at room temperature.

Amphipathic

Molecules that have both polar and nonpolar parts, as seen in phospholipids.

Carbohydrates

Sugars that provide energy and sometimes structural support in living organisms.