Circulatory system- Nelson 11 biology definitions

Circulatory system

the system that transports blood, nutrients, and waste around the body

Heart

the muscular organ that pumps blood via the circulatory system to the lungs and body

Blood vessel

a hollow tube that carries blood to and from body tissues

Blood

the bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended

Open circulatory system

a circulatory system in which vessels open into the animal’s body cavity

Closed circulatory system

a circulatory system in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid

Pulmonary artery

large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary vein

blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

Aorta

an artery that carries blood directly from the heart to other arteries

Atrioventricular valve

a valve in the heart between the ventricle and atrium

Semilunar valve

a valve between the ventricle and the large arteries; it carries blood away from the heart

Pulmonary circulation

the path that blood follows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Systemic circulation

the path that blood follows from the heart to the body and back to the heart

Cardiac circulation

the movement of blood through the heart tissues

Vasodilation

The widening of the blood vessels

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of the blood vessels

Sinoatrial (SA) node

The modified heart cells in the right atrium that spontaneously generate rhythmic signals that cause atria to contract

Atrioventricular (AV) node

The specialized heart cells near the junction of the atria and ventricles that cause the ventricles to contract

Electrocardiogram (EGC)

A record of the electrical impulses generated by a beating heart

Blood pressure

The force that blood exerts against the wall of the blood vessels

Systolic pressure

The pressure generated in the circulatory system when the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart

Diastolic pressure

The pressure generated in the circulatory system when the ventricles fill with blood

Sphygmomanometer

A medical device used to measure blood pressure

Cardiac output

Volume of blood pumped out of heart in ml/min

Stroke volume

The volume of blood pumped out with each heartbeat

Arteriosclerosis

General term for several conditions in which the walls of the arteries thicken and lose their elasticity

Angioplasty

A surgical procedure used to open up a clogged artery

Coronary bypass

A surgical procedure in which blood flow is re-routed around blocked arteries

Aneurysm

A bulge in an artery or heart chamber caused by a weakened area of heart muscle or artery wall

Arrhythmia

An irregularity in the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat

Pacemaker

A device that sends electrical impulses that control the rate of the heartbeat

Congenital heart defect

A heart defect that is present from birth

Ischemic stroke

A stroke caused by a clot in a blood vessel, blocking the blood flow to the brain

Hemorrhagic stroke

A stroke caused by the bursting of a blood vessel in the brain which causes blood to leak into the surrounding brain tissue

Hemophilia

An inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot normally

Leukemia

Cancer of the white blood cells

Xenotransplant

A transplant of tissues and organs from one species to another

Nanotechnology

Technology that uses microscopic structures on the scale of molecules