Studied by 323 peopleDNA
nucleic acid composed of nucleotides
what are the parts of nucleotides
sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
what kind of sugar is in a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose
What are the nitrogen base groups made of?
two purines and two pyrimidines
DNA purines
adenine and guanine
DNA pyrimidines
cytosine and thymine
What kind of pyrimidine can only be found in DNA?
thymine
Is DNA double or single stranded?
double
do DNA strands run in opposite or the same direction?
opposites
DNA strands are _____ to each other; not exactly alike.
complimentary
DNA A = _____
T
DNA T = ____
A
DNA C = _____
G
DNA G = _____
C
DNA strands are held together by _____ bonds.
hydrogen
What makes up the backbone of DNA strands?
sugar/phosphate group
Identify the nucleotide parts.
B: phosphate A: Sugar C: nitrogen base
Where is DNA located?
in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
____ is the storage of genetic info.
DNA
Replication
DNA makes an exact copy of itself before new cells are made
T/F: DNA can replicate
true
T/F: DNA cannot mutate
false
Mutation:
a change in the original lineup or order of DNA
T/F: DNA does not undergo transformation
false
Transformation:
the introduction of new DNA into a bacteria cell
transfection:
introduction of new DNA in eukaryotic cells
Who discovered DNA transformation, but he did not know it was DNA that was transforming?
Griffith
Who concluded that DNA is the transforming principle in Griffith's experiments?
Avery and McCarthy
Who concluded that DNA, not protein, is responsible for storing genetic info?
Hershey and Chase
Who discovered DNA's complimentary pattern?
Chargaff
Who discovered that DNA is in the shape of a double helix?
Watson and Crick
Who discovered the semi-conservative replication of DNA?
Stahl
Semi-conservative replication of DNA:
each DNA double helix is composed of an old strand and new strand
DNA replication:
makes an exact copy of itself
When does DNA replication occur?
before cellular reproduction
Where does DNA replication occur?
inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
how many phases can DNA replication go through?
3
put the phases of DNA replication in order.
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA helicase
unravels DNA in double helix
DNA polymerase
adds free complementary nucleotides to each DNA
DNA ligase
seals DNA fragments on one DNA strand
RNA:
nucleic acid that is composed of nucleotides
What are the parts of RNA
sugar phosphate group nitrogen base
What kind of sugar does RNA have?
ribose
RNA purines
adenine and guanine
RNA pyrimidines
cytosine and uracil
What kind of pyrimidine can only be found in RNA?
uracil
RNA A = ____
U
RNA G = ____
C
RNA C = _____
G
RNA U = ____
A
transcription
DNA makes RNA
Translation
RNA makes proteins
every gene will have ____ alleles- Mendel
2
law of segregation:
alleles will separate during meiosis
law of independent assortment:
allele separation is completely random
One allele is _____ (mask/hides the expression of another allele), and one allele is _______ ( masked/hidden in the presence of another allele).
dominant recessive
individuals are ________ (having same alleles for a gene) or ______ (having different alleles for a gene)
homozygous heterozygous
multiple alleles
many genes will have this because of mutations
co-dominance
2 dominant alleles being expressed equally
what is an example co dominance?
ABO blood type
incomplete dominance
dominant allele does not completely hide the recessive allele
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
pink flowers
polygenetic inheritance
many genes control one physical characteristics
What is an example of polygenetic inheritance?
eye color
pleiotropy
one piece of DNA controlling many physical characteristics
Dominant
capital; always shows up
recessive
lowercase; only shows up by itself
homozygous
use same letters; same uppercase or lowercase
heterozygous
uses different letters; uppercase first and lowercase after
Note
Flashcard