Terrestrial ecosystem ecology

Emergent Properties

New properties that arise through interactions of its parts working together.

• Benefits of 1 tree vs. services of all trees together.

Pools

Location and quantity of materials/energy

Flux

Changes in quantity and state of materials/energy

Build up processes

Photosynthesis, addition of H+

Break down Processes

Cellular respiration, uses energy

source

surplus, has extra energy can give

• Photo/Respir > 1
  -Leaves through photosynth

Sink

Deficit, less energy, can receive
-Photo/Respir < 1

• Roots

Mass balance

Incoming and outgoing balance

• Radiation, migration - Ecosystem - heat, immigration

Mass balance formula

total inputs - total outputs
% = (difference/total input) x 100

Steady State

Input/outputs do not result in a net change over given time

Steady state scales

Individual: Biomass changes (Lifestages)
Ecosystem: generational chnages
Landscape: Patch differences

Ecosystem controls/limiting factors

1. State factors ( sets boundaries for characteristics)

2. Interactive controls (responds to ecosystem xistics)

3. Feedback mechanisms (regulate internal dynamics)

Climate (S.F.) determines

Potential biota, pool/flux variation, most influence)

Topography (S.F.) determines

Microclimates

Parent material (S.F.) Determines

Soil type, veg type, biochem processes

Potential Biota (S.F.)

Plants/seeds that have potential to occupy a region.

Determines:
Site colonization, organism type/diversity,

Time (S.F.) Determines

soil development, evolution of organisms, succesion

Humans (S.F.)

Ecosystem and responses from ecosystem

Interactive Controls

1. Resources

2. Microclimate

3. Disturbance

4. Biotic Community

Feedback Mechanisms

Linkage that tells us how an ecosystem works

1. Stabalizing

2. Destabalizing/amplifying

Stabilizing feedback

Opposing effects

• Predator and Prey
  Creates resistance of major changes

Benefits: Depends on current ecosystem health

Primary Abiotic factor

Climate

• Productivity, biochemical processes,

• Heat can make plants not work

High temp energy objects have:

-High frequency
-Short waves

Insolation

Total solar energy input at a location
-shortwave

Radiatively active gases

Naturally occuring anthropogenic produced gases that affect atmosphere by absorbtion
-Each absorb energy from different wavelengths

Backscatter

Incoming solar radiation that goes back to space
-Does not reach ground

Irradiance

Solar energy received in a location per unit time

Albedo

Shortwave radiation that is reflected from surface.
-High albedo = high reflection

-Affected by: Season, land use, climate change

Sensible heat

Energy required to change the temp of a substance with NO CHANGE OF STATE

-Water heating up to right before boil

Latent heat

Energy absorbed or released by substance undergoing CHANGE OF STATE

-Objects MUST contain moisture

Atmospheric circulation

worldwide system of air movement

• uneven heating of earths surface
  -causes circulation

Cloud effect on energy budget

Reflect solar radiation, but also absorb shortwave from earth.

Diagram (Q1,Q4) 1:2

1. Incoming SW radiation (sun)

2. Outgoing SW radiation

3. Outgoing LW radiation (From atmosphere)

Diagram (Q2,Q5) 3:2

1. Incoming SW radiation (absorbed in atmosphere)

2. Incoming LW radiation (from earth)

3. Incoming LW radiation (LH,SH)

4. Outgoing LW radiation (Reradiation)

5. Outgoing LW radiation (to space)

Diagram (Q3,Q6) 2:2

1. Incoming SW radiation (absorbed by earth surface)

2. Incoming LW radiation (reradiation)

3. Outgoing LW radiation (from earth surface)

4. Outgoing LW radiation (LH,SH)

functional groups

groups of organisms that do the same thing.

• Pollinators

Atmospheric circulation

System of vertical/horizontal air movements

• Uneven heating of earths surface

Clouds on energy budget

• High albedo

• H2O molecules, absorb LW rads. (Often more than albedo)