DNA Structure & Properties II

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33 Terms

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Purine
This is a two-ringed heterocyclic nitrogenous base (9-atom ring structure).
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Pyrimidine
This is a single-ringed nitrogenous base (6-atom ring structure).
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O
Deoxyribose is missing an ______ at the H.
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Nucleoside
Nitrogenous Base + Deoxyribose Sugar
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Nucleotide
Nitrogenous Base + Deoxyribose Sugar + Phosphoric Acid
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N-glycosidic Bond
This is the bond between the sugar and nitrogenous base.
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purines
Anti-configuration is favored by ______________.
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Phosphoric Acid
This attaches **nucleosides** to each other.
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ester
Phosphoric Acid forms two ___________ bonds.
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two
Purines have ________ Hydrogen bonds.
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three
Pyrimidines have ________ Hydrogen bonds.
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pseudo-symmetry
The _____________________________ of base pairs determines if the helices formed by them have **grooves** with identical/different shapes.
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right
DNA has a __________ handed helix.
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co-planar
In DNA, bases are not _______________; Hydrogen bonds do **not** join in a flat plane with each other; they **off-set** allowing **turning** & **bending**.
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twisting
Because of base pairing, a **shift** in the backbone structures results in the _______________ of DNA.
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5’ to 3’ with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3’ end.
In terms of polarity, what is the **direction** of DNA synthesis?
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Promotors
What are the DNA regulatory sequences recognized by **RNA polymerase** called?
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redundant
There are 61 different codons that code for amino acids, but only 20 different amino acids. This means that the genetic code is ________________.
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grooves
IF deoxyribose sugars were co-planar, there would be similar sized ____________.
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B-DNA
This is the **hydrated** form of DNA; it contains **H2O** molecules.
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B-DNA, A-DNA, Z-DNA
These kinds of DNA contain **double-stranded polynucleotide chains.**
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Z-DNA
This kind of DNA has a **left-handed** helical formation with a pronounced **zig-zag pattern.**
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B-DNA, A-DNA, Z-DNA
In these kinds of DNA, chains are **anti-parallel** and **complementary.**
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B-DNA and A-DNA
These kinds of DNA have a **right-handed** helical formation.
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B-DNA and A-DNA
These kinds of DNA have very **specific base interactions.**
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Z-DNA
In this kind of DNA, bases are in both the **syn** and **anti** configurations.
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B-DNA
In this kind of DNA, bases are **stacked** and **pointed inside** the molecule.
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A-DNA
In this kind of DNA, bases are **tilted (not stacked)** but still **pointed inside** the molecule.
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Z-DNA
In this kind of DNA, bases are **alternate conformation** but still **pointed inside** the molecule.
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Z-DNA
This kind of DNA is **more compact** (narrower).
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A-DNA
This kind of DNA is **wider** & **shorter** than B-DNA.
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Z-DNA
This kind of DNA has highly **specific binding sites** for transcription factors.
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B-DNA and A-DNA
These kinds of DNA are typically in the **anti-configuration.**