Biology - Nutrients.

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Their needed for formation of nucleic acids. As a substrate for respiration for energy for the cell. Needed to synthesise nectar in some flowers. To synthesise lubricants. To be converted into other organic compounds like proteins and fats. To form supporting structures in cells.

What are the functions of proteins?

Proteins help with the repair of worn-out or damaged cells and the synthesis of the new cytoplasm . Protein is needed for the synthesis of enzymes and some hormones. Protein is needed for the formation of antibodies to protect the body from disease.

How is starch broken down?

Starch is broken down into maltose by amylase. Amylase cannot be used to brake down maltose hence Maltase is used to break down maltose into glucose.

Where is starch found?

Starch is found in storage plants in their storage roots. For example : carrots and potatoes

What is cellulose?

Cellulose is made up of many glucose molecules to form cellulose to make a cell wall.

What is glycogen and where is it found?

Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in mammals. It is stored in the liver of animals

How is protein broken down and into what?

Protein is broken down by protease into polypeptides. Polypeptides are also broken down using protease into amino acids.

How are fats broken down and into what?

Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by using lipase.

What is protein made out of ?(chemical)

Carbon , oxygen , hydrogen , nitrogen and Sulfur.

What are fats made out of (chemical)?

C57H1100O6

What are carbohydrates made out of chemically?

C6H12O6 for glucose , C12H22O11 for sucrose.

How do we test for fats?

Ethanol-Emulsion test

How do we test for proteins?

Biuret’s Test.

How to test for carbohydrates?

Iodine test.

How do we test for reducing sugar?

Benedict’s test

What colour would show up in the biuret’s test if proteins are present?

The solution would turn from blue to violet

What colour would show up if traces of reducing sugar are present?

The solution turned from blue to green.

What colour would the iodine solution be if starch is present

From brown to blue-black.

What colour would the Benedict’s solution be if there was moderate amount of reducing sugars in the solution?

The solution would turn from blue to yellow or orange.

What colour would the Benedict’s solution be if there was large amounts of reducing sugars in the solution?

The colour would turn from blue to a brick-red precipitate.

What would we observe if there is fats present in an ethanol-emulsion test?

The solution would have a white cloudy emulsion form inside the solution.

In a protein “r” group , what is present inside?

An amino group , an acidic group and a side group.