Ap World

Urbanization

the act or fact of urbanizing, or taking on the characteristics of a city.

Tribute

a gift, testimonial, compliment, or the like, given as due or in acknowledgment of gratitude or esteem. A stated sum or other valuable consideration paid by one sovereign or state to another in acknowledgment of subjugation or as the price of peace, security, protection, or the like.

Theocracy

a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.

Syncretism

the attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.

Stratification

the act or process of dividing things into distinct layers, groups, or categories.

Sphere of influence

an area, territory, or network over which a person, organization, or nation holds a significant level of power, authority, or sway, without possessing formal control or direct sovereignty.

Sovereignty

the quality or state of being sovereign, or of having supreme power or authority.

Socialism

a theory or system of social organization that advocates the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, capital, land, etc., by the community as a whole, usually through a centralized government.

Sedentary

not migratory : settled

Secular

worldly; not devine

Sect

a religious denomination

Subjective

modified or affected by personal views, experience, or background

Regime

the fundamental system of government, the specific administration in power, or the foundational rules that dictate how political authority is exercised; how something is run

Radical

extreme, especially as regards change from accepted or traditional forms.

Propaganda

information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

Power Vacuum

a situation where there is a lack of leadership in a government or organization, often because an existing leader has left or been lost.

Periphery

the outlying, marginalized, or geographically distant regions of an empire, civilization, or global economic system; the areas existing away from the powerful core

Patriarchy

a society ruled by men

Pastoralism

the practice of herding as the primary economic activity of a society.

Objective (as in the opposite of subjective)

not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; based on facts; unbiased.

Orthodox

of, relating to, or conforming to the approved form of any doctrine, philosophy, ideology, etc.

Oligarchy

a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few.

Nationalization

A government takeover of a private business.

Nationalism

devotion and loyalty to one's own country; patriotism.

Liberal

favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.;of, pertaining to, based on, or advocating liberalism, especially the freedom of the individual and governmental guarantees of individual rights and liberties.

Legitimacy

the widely accepted belief that a government, regime, or ruler has the lawful and moral right to hold power; the state or quality of being legitimate.

Isolationism

the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities.

Infrastructure

the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools.

Inflation

a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency

Ideology

the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group.

Humanism

any system or mode of thought or action in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate.

Hierarchy

any system of persons or things ranked one above another.

Heresy

opinion or doctrine at variance with the orthodox or accepted doctrine, especially of a church or religious system.

Hegemony

leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation.

Gentry

wellborn and well

Fundamentalism

a religious movement characterized by a strict belief in the literal interpretation of religious texts, especially within American Protestantism and Islam.

Figurehead

a person who is head of a group, company, etc., in title but actually has no real authority or responsibility.

Extrapolate

to infer (an unknown) from something that is known

Evangelical

pertaining to or in keeping with the gospel and its teachings.

Ethnocentrism

the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.

Ethnicity

a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like.

Entrepreneur

a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk.

Dynasty

a sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group. (ming dynasty)

Duality

In history and philosophy, duality means the idea that something has two opposite, contrasting, or complementary parts.

Domestication

the act or process of taming an animal for human use or companionship.

Diaspora

the scattering of the Jews from the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah following the dissolution of those kingdoms and Babylonian captivity.

Demographic

the statistical characteristics of human populations (such as age or income) used especially to identify markets

Decentralized

having much of the decision

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs, social activities, and material objects from one group of people to another.

Cultural construct

an idea, belief, or value created by human society rather than a naturally occurring fact.

Coup d’etat

a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force.

Continuity

the aspects of society, culture, or daily life that stay the same over a long period

Context

the "big picture" or background of an event

Conservative

disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change;cautiously moderate or purposefully low.

Coerce

to compel by force, intimidation, or authority, especially without regard for individual desire or volition.

Centralized

power, decision

Causality

the relation of cause and effect.

Capitalism

an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state

Bureaucracy

government by many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials.

Bias

a particular tendency, trend, inclination, feeling, or opinion, especially one that is preconceived or unreasoned.

Autonomy

independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions; the condition of being autonomous; self

Autocracy

government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.

Assimilate

when a minority group or culture adopts the customs, language, and traditions of a larger, dominant group

Aristocracy

a government or state ruled by an aristocracy, elite, or privileged upper class.

Anti

semitism

Anachronism

something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time.

Agrarian

anything related to farming, land, or rural society

Absolutism

a political system where a single ruler, usually a king or queen, holds total, unrestricted power over a country and its people.

Xenophobia

fear of what is foreign