ENT (rotation exam)

name the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses:

1.frontal

2.maxillary

3.ethmoid

4.sphenoid

3 sections of the pharynx:

1.Nasopharynx

2.Oropharynx

3.Laryngopharynx

2 functions of the nose?

1. sense of smell (olfactory nerve)

2.warms & moistens the air individuals inhale

Adenoidectomy:

-children are affected more than adults b/c the tissue naturally atrophies during adolescence

-adenoidectomy is often preformed during tympanostomy & insertion of myringotomy tubes or tonsillectomy. Hypertrophy of the tissue

Each side of the neck is divided into?

Anterior & posterior triangles

Audiography-

diagnostic method that asses the amt of damage to the sound conduction sys & determines course of treatment

Aurice/pinna:

-a cartilaginous structure covered by skin; its function is to gather sound waves

-the center of the auricle contains the external auditory meatus which leads to the external auditory canal

Buccal

cheek

Caldwell-Luc procedure

-technique used to enter the maxillary sinus through an incision is made in the gingivalbuccal sulcus(the junction of the gum & upper lip)

-procedure is commonly preformed for a drainage of an abscess in the maxillary sinus & surgical removal of granulation tissue that has accumulated as a result of chronic sinus infection

Cerumen

substance created by the cerumen glands of the ear(ear wax)

Cholesteatoma

benign tumor of the middle ear caused by sheading of keratin

Congenital deafness

-present at the time of birth

-its cause may be hereditary or may be due to the mother's exposure to disease(rubella) or toxic drugs during pregnancy

Ear dressings

glasscock & mastoid dressings

Effusion

fluid in the middle ear

Epitaxis

-bleeding from the nasal cavity

Eustachian tube

-the structure that connects the pharynx to the middle ear

FESS-

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Gelfoam & epinephrine

Hemostais during ear surgery is maintained using?

Glossectomy:

-removal of the tongue for treatment of cancer, a partial glossectomy is removal of less than half of the tongue (hemiglossectomy), simple excision includes primary closure/application of a STSG to the anterior tongue

Hearing loss is classified into 3 types:

-conduction-type deafness,

-sensorineural deafness

-mixed-type deafness

Lukens trap

-a device attached to suction that uses gravity to capture specimens such as washings for laboratory analysis

Ossicles in their proper sequence moving lateral-medial:

malleus>incus>stapes

when operating under the microscope the scrub must pass surgical instruments in correct orientation of their use b/c the surgeon can't look away from the scope

MEE>

Middle Ear Exploration

Modified radicle mastoidectomy:

-the removal of the posterior & superior walls of the external auditory canal, as well as the eradication of the mastoid air cells; the middle ear remains intact

Myringotomy:

PE tubes are sized tubes inserted through the tympanic membrane in connection w/ this procedure

Ossicles=

malleus, incus, stapes

Meniere's Disease>

abnormality in the way the flow of fluids of the inner ear is regulated, symptoms often fluctuate:ringing, ear fullness, hearing loss, & poor equilibrium>commonly involves one ear but both can be affected

Otorhinolaryngologist>

-a doctor who specializes in diagnosing & managing diseases (by meds/surgery) of the ear, nose, & throat

-physician who studies and treats diseases of the ear, nose, and larynx

oval window

-the membraneous opening in the wall of the cochlea that receives vibrations from the stapes in the middle ear

which of the tonsils are removed during a tonsillectomy?

The palatine (foucial) tonsils

papilloma (papillary tumor)

a benign epitheal tumor characterized by a branching or lobular tumor

the largest salivary gland is the?

Parotid

radical neck dissection

-removal of all cervical lymph nodes & surrounding structures, including the spinal accessory nerve, the internal jugular vein & the Sternoclemastoid muscle (SCM)

nasal conchae

-scroll like bones

bonylabyrinth

-hollowed out temporal bone

#12 knife blade

-tonsillectomy

Trigeminal nerve osteocreosis

-stapedectomy

Caldwell-Luc procedure

-cannine fossa

What is a hemiglossectomy?

Removal of half the tongue

What is used frequently for homeostasis in ear surgery?

Gelfoam

Which neck dissection excises all lymph nodes & preserves one/more surrounding structures?

Modified

Which neck dissection removes all cervical lymph nodes & surrounding structures?

radical

Which neck dissection removes the upper two thirds of the cervical lymph node &preserves surrounding structures?

Selective

Paranasal sinuses are often referred to as?

Turbinates/nasal conchae

Phonation

means to speak

Which procedure is preformed to treat diseases of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity & skull base & to improve air flow?

Endoscopic sinus surgery

Which procedure is used to enter the maxillary sinus through an incision made into the gingival-buccal sulcus?

Caldwell-Luc procedure

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx & is responsible for maintaining and equalizing pressure;

Eustachian tube

Tinnitus

-ringing in the ear

What's another name for nasal bleeding?

epitaxis

MEE

-Middle Ear Exploration

What is ALWAYS constricted during all ear reconstructive surgeries?

Nitrous oxide

Another name for the hearing sense organ?

Organ of corti

Most common cause of ossicle immobility?

Otosclerosis

What is most commonly used allograft for a tympanoplasty?

Temporalis fascia

Middle ear infection-

otis media

Sensation of dizziness?

Vertigo

What is the surgical removal of a cholesteatoma & mastoid bone?

Tympanoplasty

Which bone houses the mastoid sinus?

Temporal bone

Which cranial nerve carries auditory impulses to the temporal lobe of the brain?

Eighth

Which procedure involves creating a surgical opening into the TM to release fluid from the middle ear?

Myringotomy

Which procedure is done to reconstruct the ossicles to restore hearing loss related to the sclerosis of the stapes?

stapedectomy/ossicular reconstruction

Which procedure is preformed to close a small non-healing hole in the TM?

Myringoplasty

"nerve deafness"=

sensorineural

Which procedure is the removal of diseased bone, mastoid air cells, & the soft tissue lining the air cells of the mastoid?

Palatine tonsils

Which tonsils are removed during a tonsillectomy?

Palatine tonsils