Mixtures and Solutions - (Chemistry)

Two types of mixtures

Heterogeneous and homogeneous

Mixture

Combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its chemical properties

Suspensions

Contains large particles that can settle out upon standing (ex: muddy water)

Filtering

Separating compounds

Heterogeneous mixtures

Components that aren’t completely blended together

Homogeneous mixtures

Combination of substances where the composition is uniform throughout

Colloid

Particle sizes are intermediate, between 1 to 1000 nanometers (they don’t settle like suspensions and cannot be separated by filtration)

Electrostatic forces

Prevent colloidal particles from settling

(charged atomic or polar groups on the surface of colloidal particles attract opposite charges in the medium, forming electric layers that repel each they)

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Solute

The substance that dissolves

Solvent

The substance that does not dissolve

Tyndall effect

Scattering of light particles in a colloid or a fine suspension, making the path of the light beam visible

Solid

Alloys like steel (carbon in iron)

Miscible liquids

Liquids that mix in all proportions (ex: alcohol and water)

Immiscible liquids

Liquids that do not mix (ex: oil and vinegar)

Dilute solution

Small amount of solute

Concentrated solution

Large amount of solute

Concentration

Expresses how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution

Mass percent

Mass % = mass of solute / mass of solution (100)