A-level psychology: Freud

individual differences: understanding disorders

what does individual differences mean in psychology?

the individual differences approach argues that its necessary to study the differences between people rather than the things we have in common- to see how those differences affect our behaviour

what type of study was it?

a longitudinal case study

what does longitudinal study mean?

means that the research was done over a long period of time

how long was little Hans studied for?

from ages 3-5 years

what is a case study?

a detailed, small sample

what was the aim of freud's study?

to cure phobias and provide evidence for theory of oedipus complex and psychosexual stages of development

who collected the observations and sent them to freud?

little Hans' father

what type of data was collected?

qualitative data

what is the oedipus complex?

a male child's (little Hans) subconscious desire for intimacy with mother and creates feelings of jealousy and hatred for the father

what is castration anxiety?

when male child (little Hans) has anxiety that his dad will find out about his feelings for his mum and he will castrate him

at what stage does castration anxiety occur?

the phallic stage (age 3-6)

what is the psychodynamic perspective?

emphasises the role of the unconscious mind, the structure of personality, childhood experiences and psychosexual development

what is the conscious mind?

what we are aware of

what is the subconscious mind?

the part of the mind that communicates through feelings and emotions.

what is the unconscious mind?

a part of our mind over which we cannot access and have control over and links to how we think and behave

what is the freudian slip?

an unintentional error that can occur in speech, memory and physical action that's considered as revealing subconscious feelings

what are the 5 stages of a child's psychosexual development?

oral- mouth

anal- toilet training

phallic- genitals

latency- calm/ quiet

genital- sexual partners

what is the tripartite model of personality?

when we have different parts to our personality that pulls us in different directions: the id, ego and superego

what are the 3 ways that the ego protects itself?

repression, displacement, projection

what are the 10 events that little Hans experienced and the different stages

widdler- phallic stage

powder and bed with mother- oedipus complex

hitting dad- oedipus complex

baby sister and bath- oedipus complex

lumpf- anal stage

giraffe dream- oedipus complex

plumber fantasy 1- oedipus complex

plumber fantasy 2- resolution of oedipus complex

promoted dad to grandfather- resolution of oedipus complex

what is resolution of the oedipus complex/

male child (little Hans) identifies with their fathers rather than seeing them as a rival and

what is Freuds interpretation of little Hans' horse phobia?

freud saw his phobia as an expression of his anxiety during the oedipus complex and this fear was projected onto horses

what type of horses was little Hans scared of?

he was especially scared of horses with blinkers and black around the mouth as it looked a lot like his father

when little Hans saw a horse fall over what was he asked?

"do you wish it was your dad?"