IT-NET (NETWORKING)

Networking

• The most basic "network" is a word-of-mouth communication.

Networking

• Where ideas are passed from person to person.

Networking

• it is a practice that people have learned as soon as they can speak

Another netwok that people master at an early age

• Cellphone or telephone technology

Cellphones

• uses radiowaves or microwaves signals for communication

Telephone

• Uses wired-based technology

The three common forms of network communication

1. Word-of-mouth communication

2. Telephone based technologies

3. Computer Networks (and digital devices)

The following list the advantages of computer networks

• Based on Telephone Technology

• Originated from telephone network communication

• Uses specialized equipment to connect networks

• More Capable than Telephones

• Can transmit data across long distances

• Supports video streaming

• Offers more services beyond voice communication

• Digital Exchange of Information

• Similar to word-of-mouth communication

• Done digitally instead of verbally

The three most common networks

1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LANs)

2. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MANs)

3. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WANs)

The other three types of networks

1. PERSONAL AREA NETWOR (PAN)

2. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

3. ENTERPRISE AREA NETWORK (EAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

• Pertains to printing machines, computers, and other digital electronics that shares a hardware and software resources that are located close to each other.

Local Area Network (LAN)

• its coverage can only connect setups like: small confined space like a typical household, a singledepartment floor or small firm.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MANs)

•   Can cover a greater range than a LAN with a distances spanning from about 30 miles equivalentt to 48 kilometers).

Metropolitan Area Network

• This type of network has the capability to link several LANs within municipalities or cities

Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Is considered to be the largest network that can connect numerous LANs and even MANs across a distancr that can exceed more than 30 miles (equivalent to 48 kilometers).

Wide Area Network (WAN)

The internet

Wide Area Network (WAN)

• The wan can link multiple smaller networks from different parts of the world.

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PANs)

• Falls under the LAN spectrum and can connect devices from a range of distance of up to about 33 feet (equivalent to 10 meters).

PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

• is smaller than a LAN. and has two forms, Cabled PAN and WIRELESS PAN (WPAN).

Personal Area Network

• Examples of devices can connect are: Smartohones, Personal Computer, and handheld devices like a Bluetooth speaker

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

• Falls under the MAN sub-catergory. It can link multiple LAN and can cover the same range as a MAN can reach.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

• This network is owned and managed by a single organization.

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

• example, Harvard University having its own servers and network connection equipment's set up and exclusively managed by them with little to none help from third-party network providers

Enterprise Area Network (EAN)

• Falls under the WAN sub-catergory. This has the same features as WAN as it can link different types of networks belonging from different organizations from different parts of the continent.

Enterprise Area Network

• A network is considered if it is owned and manged by a single corporation or group that can support a network bigger than MAN.

Use of fundamental network terms

1. Node (also known as station)

2. Nodes link through communication media

Node (also known as station)

• Pertains to a network of personal computers, servers, mainframes (computers used for the extremely complex calculation/s), printers, DVD/CD-ROM racks, fax machines, disk tapes, network interface and other machines makes up the component of the network.

Node (also known as station)

• Every one of them is a node if connected to the network directly

Nodes linked through communication media

• The communication media provides a way to transmit a signal containing data or information from one network to another

Nodes linked through communication media

• Nodes are able to form a network through the aid of wire cables and wireless technologies.

Nodes linked through communication media

• A data is then sent and received by the network nodes.

Examples of wired and wireless communications media used by a node to connect with each other

• wired cabling (also referred to as wired communications media)

• wireless communication media

wired cabling (also referred to as wired communications media)

• fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, coaxial cables.

wireless communication media

• ifrared waves, microwaves, radiowaves

Three examples of essential nodes that a user can access

1. SERVERS

2. HOSTS

3. WORKSTATION

Workstation (or computer)

• A device is considered to be a workstation if it has its own central processing unit (CPU) and an operating system that can provide support to common application, and firm wares.

Workstation (or Computer)

• Computer Desktops, Personal Laptops that support networking.

Client: workstation

• Refers to a computer that request permission to access files from another network of computer.

Client (Workstation)

• Host is the computer it wants to access.

Servers

• A servers act as respiratory software for other workstations.

Servers

• It provides multi-user access by allowing simultaneous access of multiple networks of computers to a server.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• Is a types of network board with sockets mounted inside a motherboard.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• also supports wireless network communication.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• The said receptacle is where the network cable will be plugged in, in order to connect the computer to a network device.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• It has an antenna (that is usually not visible) that detects wireless signals.

Protocols

• refers to a set of rules or standards one must abide.

Protocols

• The internet has various standard procedures that it follows to ensure a smooth exchange of communication from different networks.

PROTOCOLS

• can also be likened to one's native language.

Protocols

• It provides a common ground that lets different workstations to communicate.

Internet Protocol (IP)

• Is one of the universally acknowledged protocol of network technologies.

Internet Protocol (IP)

• Provied unique numerical addresses to websites which servers as your pass when you need to connect with another network.

Private vs. Public Network

• IP addressing involves many considerations, not least important of which are oublic and private networks.

Public Network

• Is accessible to "anyone" capable of having an internet connection.

Public Network

• the "Internet" itself

Private Network

• Restrict access and are often hidden from search results. It can only be accessed by typing the complete line either in the form of a numerical IP address or a web link domain.

Private Network

• Cases website, student portal/faculty website portal (in which it can onjy be accessed by typing the precise address then you have to log in first before being allowed full access.