Endo FINAL (copy)

What mechanism of transport does prolactin use?

tyrosine kinase

What mechanism of transport does oxytocin use?

phospholipase C

What is the target tissue for prolactin?

mammilary glands→ development and milk production

What process is prolactin good for?

lactogenesis

What is the primary action of oxytocin?

uterine contraction and milk letdown

What nucleus synthesizes oxytocin?

paraventricular nucleus

What trophic cell produces prolactin?

lactotrophs

Which enzymes are found in all three zones of the adrenal cortex?

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

What enzymes are found in only the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata?

1. 11 beta hydroxylase

2. 21 alpha/beta hydroxylase

What enzyme is found in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis?

17 alpha hydroxylase

What enzyme is only found in the zona glomerulosa?

Aldosterone synthase

What can a deficiency of 11 beta hydroxylase lead to ?

both aldosterone and cortisol levels decrease

androgen levels increase

What can a deficiency in 17 alpha hydroxylase lead to ?

decreased cortisol and androgen production

increased mineralocorticoid production

What can a deficiency of 21 alpha/beta hydroxylase lead to?

reduced mineralocorticoid and cortisol production

increased androgen production

Around day 14 of female cycle, a surge of __ hormone causes trigger of ovulation

lutenizing

What is the role of estrogen?

regulates FSH and LH, trigger the LH surge for ovulation and is involved in thickening of endometrium of the uterus

What is the role of progesterone?

causes the endometrium to secrete special proteins during the second half of the menstrual cycle

What is the most common for of estrogen?

Estradiol

What hormone is responsible for an increase set point for thermorgulation?

progestrone

T/F progesterone keeps estrogen in check

true

What is perimenopause?

up to 10 years prior to menopause

hormones start to become incredibly unpredictable

What are some things that happen during perimenopause?

estrogen declines

no estrogen peak to shut off FSH

FSH raises

over-ripen the remaining eggs= increased atresia

When should you measure FSH to check for perimenopause?

Day 3,4,5 of the cycle

What is the most common symptom of perimenopause?

menstrual irregularity

T/F Once women hit menopause they are at increased cardiac risk

true

What hormones are declining with menopause?

1. progesterone

2. estrogen 

3. testosterone

4. DHEA

What hormones are increasing during menopause?

1. Thyroid

2. Insulin

3. Adrenal

4. Cortisol

What is 12 months without a cycle called?

menopause

The greatest changes to women going through menopause occur when?

2 years before and 2 years after

What enzyme converts 25 hydroxycholecalciferol to the active for 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol/calcitriol?

1 alpha hydroxylase

What enzyme converts testosterone into estrogen?

aromatase

What hormone is responsible for ejection reflex?

oxytocin

What converts testosterone to DHT?

5a reductase