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THIS PARTY RULED UNINTERRUPTED FROM 1920’S TO 2000.
PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)
In the 1990’s the Federal Electoral Institute was implemented to do this
Monitoring of campaign donations + impartial observers from all parties encouraged.
Fraud investigated + prosecuted more effectively.
Was the Federal Electoral Institute successful in monitoring elections and investigating fraud?
Elections became more competitive + smaller parties began to prosper:
1990 – opposition parties began to win seats in Congress.
1997 – PRI loses majority in Congress
2000 – PRI Presidential candidate defeated
How often do Presidential elections occur?
every 6 years
How are Presidents elected?
Plurality
Who is the current President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Name Mexico’s main political parties and which one does the Prez belong to?
PRI – party of power in the past, more centrist
PAN – catch all party – richer north (was in power 2 times before current)
PRD - ideological party – socialists – more populous, younger/south
Prez Belongs to Morena - National Regeneration Movement - socialist
Has Mexico supported women in politics (be specific)?
30% minimum of female candidates for each party
Women have won leadership roles
PRI is committed to have 50% women
Party lists from PR help ensure diversity
Does Mexico currently have Free, Fair, Regular and competitive elections?
Yes!
What is Mexico’s patron-client networks based on rewards called?
Camarillas
What is referred to Mexico's inward-looking development strategy that produced sustained economic growth from the 1940s until the 1970s.
The Mexican miracle
In 1999, this opposition PAN Presidential candidate upsets PRI, signaling end of PRI dominance.
Vincent Fox
Calderon followed by being elected in 2006
Not surprisingly for being large + culturally diverse, Mexico is structured as this kind of state
federation
Who is the head of state? (name and title)
President (Obrador)
Who is the head of government?
President (Obrador)
Mexico is bicameral with the chamber of deputies and this
The senate
How is the Senate elected?
Mixed SMD and PR
Mexico’s legal system is based on
code/civil law
What is Mexico’s top court called? Do they have Judicial review?
Supreme Court
No, political and judicial corruption, perception that everyone is connected.
What approach to managing interest groups did Mexico have for many years during PRI dominance?And what is it arguably moving toward today?
Corporatism
Pluralism??
Being in media in Mexico is a job that many people want, T or F.
False!
Journalism is considered a very dangerous career in Mexico thanks to drug related violence and corruption.
Most government policies are heavily influenced by the conservative Christian beliefs held by most Mexicans. Give an example.
No.
Most Mexicans are Catholic and politically secular .
Strong tradition of secularism + limiting of religious influence on policy-making, led to legalization of same-sex marriage, as well as abortion.
If you were to generalize, who would live in the south and north of Mexico?
South – aboriginal and poor
North – rich and conservative
Name human rights concerns in Mexico
Gap of rich and poor
Drug/cartel issues (corruption)
Increase in population – stress of infrastructure and services
Poverty cycle
Marginalized ethnicities – aboriginals (Chiapas rebellion)
USA border (illegal migration/drugs)
What agreement did Mexico/Canada/U.S sign in 1994?
NAFTA (USMCA)
What was the purpose?
To reduce costs of trade between countries
What was the purpose of NAFTA (USMCA)?
To reduce costs of trade between countries
(doubled food for Mexicans, less farmers need therefore loss of jobs, increase gap of rich & poor)
(Mexican exports increase dramatically - ie fruit.) economy diversified
(Maquiladoras - factories along US border - cheap labour for US - poor working standards)
Being in media in Mexico is a job that many people want, T or F.
FALSE!
Military playing role of police, rather than political “king-makers” (common prior to PRI period. )
Mexico’s Oil Company
PEMEX 1938 - State owned oil company
2013 - privatized - allowed foreign investment
- gov’t lost monopoly over gas sales but pays lower taxes to the gov’t.
– gov’t doesn’t control workers and board members anymore
- goal to attract foreign investment & expertise - private investments in PEMEX have helped increase GDP
-Obrador 2020- put the brakes on foreign investment & invest back to PEMEX - divisive decision