ScienceBowlBioSampleQuestions

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants, e.g., mosses, that do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.

Tracheophytes

Vascular plants that have specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients.

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Sphincters

Rings of muscle that close body openings, e.g., lips.

Myofilaments

The two proteins that make up muscle; primarily actin and myosin.

Aneurysm

A blood-filled sac formed by an outpouching in an arterial or venous wall.

Paleontology

The study of the history of life on Earth through fossil records.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

Carbon Dioxide

A gas that consists of one carbon and two oxygen atoms, pivotal in respiration and photosynthesis.

Species

The basic unit of biological classification, consisting of individuals capable of reproducing.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.

Autosomes

Chromosomes that determine non-sex characteristics.

Chromosomal Deletion

A genetic mutation involving the loss of a chromosome segment.

Cytoplasm

The material within a cell, excluding the nucleus.

Color Blindness

A genetic condition that affects the ability to see colors accurately.

End Orgrans of Ruffini

Skin receptors sensitive to heat.

Pyruvic Acid

The product of glycolysis, a key intermediate in cellular respiration.

Polyunsaturated

Fatty acids with multiple double bonds between carbon atoms.

Deamination

The process by which an amino acid loses its amino group.

Lipid

A group of organic compounds that are hydrophobic and include fats, oils, and hormones.

Holocrine Secretion

A method of secretion where entire cells disintegrate to release their substance.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances within or outside of a cell.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

Amnesia

A partial or total loss of memory.

Hydroponics

A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

Stomata

Small openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow gas exchange.

Chlorophyll

The green pigment in plants that is vital for photosynthesis.

Polypeptide

A chain of amino acids that forms a protein.

Introns

Non-coding sections of a gene that may be removed during RNA processing.

Mitosis

A type of cell division leading to two identical daughter cells.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an organism.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross that involves two traits.

Allelic Frequency

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population.

Symbiosis

A relationship between two different organisms, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Cornea

The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

Chromatid

One of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that perform a common function.

Biomolecules

Organic molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Cell Membrane

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Symbiotic Relationships

Interactions between two different species living in close physical proximity.

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms.

Nucleotide

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.