Assessment of the eyes

Eyes

all sensiry information reachs the brann through this

Choroid

Maintains blood supply to the eyes

Vitreous

Maintains the placement of the retina and eyeballs spherical shape.

Cornea

Refracts light rays from entering the eye

pupil

Permits light to enter the eyes

Lens

Refracts and focuses light into the retina

retina

receeives visual stimuli and transmits images to the brain for processing

sclera

Maintains eye size and shape

ectoprion

everted eyelashes

• can lead to excessive drying of eyes

exopthalamus

usually seen in patients with hyperthyroidism

• visible sclera between iris and upper lids

CN 3 damage, stroke

Asymmetry of lids

Myasthenia gravis

ptosis of both eyes

basal cell carcinoma

lesions on eyelids

Xanthelesma

accumulation of lipids in the skin

• lipidosis

Chalazion

enlargement of meibomian gland

Hardeolum

• stye

caused by an infection

Snellen chart

Named after dutch opthalmologist, Dr. Herman

Pocket vision screener

Alternate method of snellen chart

held 14 inches away

• patients with known nearsightedness

jaegers test

Paragraphs of text are printed

Held 14 inches away

Tumbling E eye chart

useful to test the visual acuity test of children and adults that are non verbal

Ishihara test

Color perception/vision test for RED-GREEN color deficiencies

• Named after Dr. Shinobu

Allen Card Test

Distance of 3 meter

• seven card with each card containing a single picture

  • 2yrs old and older

Glaucoma

excessively firm or tender globe

• sa gitna

Myopia

Nearsightedness

Hyopia

Farsightedness

presbyopia

Farsightedness due to aging

Conjunctivitis

Red palpebral and bulbar conjuctiva

Anemia

Pale pink conjunctiva

Pterygium/pinguecula

Growth or thickening of conjunctiva from inner canthal are towards iris

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

eye injury

Nevus

Benign pigmented congenital discoloration

Papilloma

Benign growth

Arcus senillis

White or gray ring around eye

normal in older adults

cloudy cornea

VIT A. deficiency; infection which may be accompanied by HYPOPION

Hypopion

Pus in anterior chamber

Corneal abrasions and ulcers

Roughness and irregularities of cornea

Kayser-fleischer ring

Yellow ring in outer margin

WILSON’S disease, increased absorpton

Corneal scar

appears grayish white , usually due to an old injury or inflammation

Negative corneal light reflex

Indicates neurological problem, CNV and CNVII may also be absent in people who wear contact lenses

Nystagmus

Involuntary rapid eye movement of the eyebll

Ptosis

Drooping of upper eyelid

Astigmatism

refraction of light rays diffused rather than sharply focused on the retina

Glaucoma

Tunnel vision

Primary open angle glaucoma (poag)

Associated with loss of central vision and elevated eye pressure

Primary angle closure glaucoma

May present with acute symptoms

Pinguecula

painless yellow nodule caused by thickening of bulbar conjunctiva

• often caused by exposure to sunlight

Visual floaters

Specks in visual field that usually disappears when the patient is looks at them

• caused by small cells floating in the vitreous humor

Retinal detachment

Separation of retinal layer and choroid layer in back of eye

Macular degeneration

Diminished visual acuity

• loss of central vision

retinitis pigmentosa

degeneration of retina

• begins in childhood and may progress to blindness by middlee adulthood

Sjorgen syndrome

Lacrimal, salivary, and other glands do not produce enough moisture

Diplopia

Double vision

• visual axes arent directed at the object of sight at the same time

Strabismus

Axis of eye deviates and does not fixate on an object

• also called crossed eye or wall eye

Esotropia

eye turned inward

Exotropia

eye turned outward

Enucleation

removal of eyeball

Nyctoropia

color blindness

xeropthalmia

conjunctivitis due to trauma