Honors Bio- Unit 2 ALL Vocab

Cell membrane/Plasma membrane

controls what enters and exits the cell. Semi-permeable.

Cytoplasm

watery gel that fills a cell (supplies material for cell activity)

DNA

genetic instructions a cell uses to build proteins.

Ribosome

produces proteins in a cell

Cytoskeleton

skeleton of the cell that provides internal structure

Cell wall

protects cell and keeps cell's shape, not in animal cells

Prokaryote

cell does NOT have nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. PRO=NO. ex: bacteria

Eukaryote

cell has membrane-bound organelles and nucleus EU=YES. ex: plants, animals, fungi, protists

Nucleus

the control center of the cell, contains DNA

Golgi Body

packages and ships materials out of the cell. GOLGI=GO OUT

Lysosomes

digests and breaks down waste. Like a toilet.

Mitochondria

creates ATP energy for cell by doing respiration

ATP

universal energy molecule that cells use, created in the mitochondria

Vacuole

stores substances in a cell

Rough ER

transports materials inside the cell, has ribosomes on it. ENDO=INSIDE

Smooth ER

transports materials inside the cell, no ribosomes on it. ENDO=INSIDE

Chloroplast

uses sun to do photosynthesis and make sugar, only in plants

Centrioles

produce spindle fibers during cell division, only in animals

Semipermeable

only allows some things to pass through. ex: cell membrane

Passive Transport / Diffusion

movement of materials from high to low. Does not use energy (ATP).

Facilitated Diffusion

movement of materials that need a transport protein to pass through membrane

Active Transport

movement of materials across membrane from low to high. Requires energy (ATP).

Endocytosis

materials enter cell

Phagocytosis

cellular eating, type of endocytosis

Pinocytosis

cellular drinking, type of endocytosis

Exocytosis

materials exit cell

Osmosis

diffusion of water. Water goes to the side with the higher concentration of solute/salt.

Hypotonic

solute outside the cell in lower than inside the cell, so water moves into the cell; cell bursts

Hypertonic

solute outside the cell in higher than inside the cell, so water moves out of the cell; cell shrinks. Think: HYPER KIDS GET OUT

Isotonic

solute outside the cell is the same as inside the cell, no net movement; cell at equilibrium

1.

All living things are composed of one or more cells

2.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism

3.

Cells come from preexisting cells

How many layers does a cell membrane have?

2

nucleolus

Produces ribosomes, found in nucleus

What kinds of cells have a cell membrane?

All cells have a cell membrane

Going up the hill (High to low)

Passive Transport

Coming down the hill (low to high)

Active transport

There are 3 types of passive transport:

Diffusion, facilitative diffusion, osmosis

There are 3 types of active transport:

Protein pumps, endocytosis, excocytosis