chapter 3: socialization from infancy to old age

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22 Terms

1

socialization

the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

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2

personality

a persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling

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3

id

the human beings basic drives (freud)

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4

ego

a persons conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society (freud)

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5

superego

the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual (freud)

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6

sensorimotor stage

the level of human development which individuals experience the world only through their lenses (piaget)

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7

preoperational stage

the level of human development which individuals first use language and other symbols (piaget)

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8

concrete operational stage

the level of human development at which individuals first see casual connections in their surroundings (piaget)

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9

formal operational stage

level of human development where individuals think abstractly and critically (piaget)

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10

self

the part of a persons personality composed of self-awareness and self-image (George Herbert Mead)

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11

looking-glass self

self-image based on how we think others see us (Cooley)

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12

significant others

people, such as parents, who have special importance for socialization

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13

generalized other

widespread cultural norms and values we use as references in evaluating ourselves (George Herbert Mead)

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14

peer group

a social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common

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15

anticipatory socialization

learning that helps a person achieve a desired position

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16

mass media

the means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience

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17

gerontology

the study of aging and the elderly

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18

gerontocracy

a form of social organization in which the elderly have the most wealth, power, and prestige

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19

ageism

prejudice and discrimination against older people

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20

cohort

a category of people with something in common, usually their age

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21

total institution

a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff

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22

resocialization

radically changing an inmates personality by controlling the environment

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