Genetics Questions

where are chromosomes found in a cell?

in the nucleus.

what are homologous chromosomes?

pairs of chromosomes similar in size, location & banding pattern.

how many chromosomes do humans have?

46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

what are sex chromosomes in females and males?

females: XX

males: XY

what is a karyotype?

a picture of all chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest in pairs.

what can a karyotype show besides chromosome number?

the sex of an individual and chromosomal abnormalities.

what are the parts of a DNA nucleotide?

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group & nitrogen base.

Which Nitrogen bases pair together?

A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine)

C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine )

what does a codon code for?

a specific amino acid.

what is the function of mitosis?

to produce two genetically identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair.

what is the outcome of meiosis?

four genetically different haploid gametes.

define mutation.

a change in the DNA sequence.

name two types of mutations.

point mutation & frame shift mutations.

what is a chromosomal mutation?

a change in chromosome structure, affecting many genes.

what are 5 examples of chromosome mutations?

duplication, deletion, inversion, insertion & translocation.

what is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

dominant traits require 1 allele to show.

recessive traits require 2 alleles to show.

what is co-dominance?

both alleles are fully expressed (eg. AB blood type).