Chapter 8 – Just Passing Through: Diffusion and Osmosis

1. __________ is the random movement of molecules from a region of a greater concentration to a region of a lesser concentration.

 A. Filtration C. Facilitated diffusion

 B. Diffusion D. Active transport

 B. Diffusion

 2. Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a semipermeable plasma membrane.

 A. sodium B. water C. calcium D. glucose

B. water

 3. Which of the following is a means of passive transport?

 A. diffusion B. osmosis C. filtration D. all of these

 D. all of these

4. ______ pumps are responsible for the normal function of neurons and muscle cells.

 A. calcium C. sodium-potassium

 B. proton D. all of these

 A. calcium

 5. Macromolecules are transported into the cell by ______.

 A. endocytosis B. exocytosis C. phagocytosis D. pinocytosis

 A. endocytosis

6. Which of the following transport mechanisms involves hydrostatic pressure (water pressure) forcing molecules through a cell membrane?

 A. diffusion C. active transport

 B. filtration D. facilitated diffusion

 B. filtration

7. In a solution, the dissolved substance is called the ______.

 A. substrate B. solvent C. solute D. diluent

C. solute

 8. In a(n) ______ solution, there is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the cell.

A. hypotonic B. isotonic C. hypertonic D. catatonic

A. hypotonic

9. A(n) ______ solution contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell.

 A. hypotonic B. hypertonic C. isotonic D. saturated

C. isotonic

10. The bursting of cells in a hypotonic solution is called ______.

 A. crenation B. cytolysis C. plasmolysis D. exocytosis

B. cytolysis

11. Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?

 A. has a bilayer structure C. is composed of phospholipids and proteins

 B. is selectively permeable D. all of these

D. all of these

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

 A. requires energy in the form of ATP

 B. moves substances against a concentration gradient

 C. is made possible by a variety of pumps in the plasma membrane

 D. all of the above

 D. all of the above

13. Diffusion continues until ______ is reached.

 A. a concentration gradient C. homeostasis

 B. equilibrium D. osmosis

 B. equilibrium

14. A plasma membrane’s unique structure is described as ______.

 A. permeable C. soluble in water

 B. selectively permeable D. lipid soluble

 B. selectively permeable

15. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

 A. uses carrier proteins located across the cell membrane

 B. involves hydrostatic pressure

 C. occurs against a concentration gradient

 D. does not require energy

 C. occurs against a concentration gradient

16. Which of the following will occur if plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

 A. homeostasis B. plasmolysis C. hemolysis D. cytolysis

B. plasmolysis

17. In plants, the swelling of cells placed in a hypotonic solution results in ______.

 A. pinocytosis B. plasmolysis C. turgor pressure D. homeostasis

C. turgor pressure

 18. An aerosolized liquid sprayed in a room will disperse by means of _____.

 A. diffusion B. osmosis C. endocytosis D. filtration

 A. diffusion

19. __________is the concentration of the solute in the solvent.

 A. isotonicity B. hypertonicity C. tonicity D. hypotonicity

C. tonicity

 20. Which of the following occurs in both living and nonliving systems?

 A. osmosis B. filtration C. diffusion D. all of these

D. all of these

21. If a leaf of Elodea (water weed) is placed in seawater, what will happen?

 A. the plant cells will take up the seawater through endocytosis

 B. the plant cells will undergo osmotic lysis

 C. the plant cells will undergo plasmolysis

 D. nothing; seawater is isotonic for Elodea

 C. the plant cells will undergo plasmolysis

22. Which of the following would use pinocytosis to ingest dissolved nutrients?

A. a plant B. a macrophage C. an amoeba D. a bacterium

A. a plant

23. A virus invading the body would be phagocytized by a(n) _____.

 A. paramecium B. yeast C. macrophage D. amoeba

C. macrophage

24. The kidneys remove wastes from the blood by using hydrostatic pressure to force molecules through a cell membrane, resulting in the formation of urine. This process involves which of the following?

 A. diffusion B. filtration C. active transport D. exocytosis

B. filtration

25. Glucose is transported into cells via specialized membrane proteins called glucose transporters, or GLUTs. This process serves as an example of ______.

 A. facilitated diffusion B. diffusion C. active transport D. osmosis

A. facilitated diffusion

26. If you placed red blood cells in a solution of salt water, what would happen?

 A. salt would flow out of the cells C. water would flow out of the cells

 B. salt would flow into the cells D. water would flow into the cells

C. water would flow out of the cells

27. What would happen to red blood cells if you placed them in an isotonic solution?

 A. the cells would become crenate C. sodium would flow into the cells

 B. the cells would burst D. nothing would happen

D. nothing would happen

28. What would happen to a piece of seaweed if you placed it in a hypotonic solution?

 A. water would flow out of the cells C. salt would flow out of the cells

 B. water would flow into the cells D. salt would flow into the cells

 B. water would flow into the cells

 29. Which of the following solutions is isotonic for sheep red blood cells?

 A. distilled water B. tap water C. 0.9% NaCl D. 10% NaCl

C. 0.9%

30. Which of the following would be an isotonic solution for a freshwater plant?

 A. tap water B. distilled water C. 0.5% NaCl D. 10% NaC

B. distilled water