Video 2 Digestive System

The specialized circulation that transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver is called:

A. Coronary circulation

B. Hepatic portal circulation

C. Pulmonary circulation

D. Systemic circulation

B

The primary function of the hepatic portal circulation is to:

A. Carry oxygen-rich blood to the stomach

B. Deliver nutrients to the liver for processing

C. Return blood directly to the heart

D. Supply blood to the kidneys

B

Which artery is NOT part of the splanchnic circulation?

A. Splenic artery

B. Superior mesenteric artery

C. Hepatic artery

D. Pulmonary artery

D

The liver receives nutrient-rich blood immediately after absorption from the:

A. Kidneys

B. Small intestine

C. Lungs

D. Heart

B

The "gut brain" refers to the:

A. Sympathetic nervous system

B. Parasympathetic nervous system

C. Enteric nervous system

D. Central nervous system

C

The enteric nervous system primarily controls:

A. Respiration

B. Digestion

C. Vision

D. Urination

B

Which nerve plexus controls GI muscle movement?

A. Meissner's plexus

B. Myenteric plexus

C. Cardiac plexus

D. Pulmonary plexus

B

Which nerve plexus regulates digestive gland secretion?

A. Myenteric plexus

B. Meissner's plexus

C. Sympathetic chain

D. Vagus nerve

B

A patient has damage to the myenteric plexus.

Which function is MOST impaired?

A. Saliva production

B. Nutrient absorption

C. Peristalsis

D. Taste

C

Damage to the Meissner's plexus would MOST likely reduce:

A. GI gland secretion

B. Peristalsis

C. Swallowing

D. Mastication

A

A reflex occurring entirely within the GI tract is called a:

A. Long reflex

B. Short reflex

C. Somatic reflex

D. Stretch reflex

B

Which of the following is an example of a long reflex?

A. Local intestinal stretch

B. Smelling pizza causes salivation

C. Segmentation

D. Peristalsis

B

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Mouth

D. Esophagus

C

Which epithelium lines the mouth?

A. Simple columnar

B. Transitional

C. Stratified squamous

D. Cuboidal

C

The primary function of the tongue is to:

A. Produce bile

B. Store glycogen

C. Reposition and mix food

D. Absorb nutrients

C

The hard palate is composed primarily of:

A. Muscle

B. Bone

C. Cartilage

D. Dense connective tissue

B

The soft palate functions to:

A. Digest carbohydrates

B. Prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

C. Produce saliva

D. Absorb nutrients

B

The uvula hangs from the:

A. Hard palate

B. Tongue

C. Soft palate

D. Epiglottis

C

Intrinsic tongue muscles primarily:

A. Move the tongue

B. Change the shape of the tongue

C. Produce saliva

D. Aid swallowing only

B

Extrinsic tongue muscles primarily:

A. Change tongue shape

B. Change tongue position

C. Produce saliva

D. Form taste buds

B

Which salivary gland is the largest?

A. Sublingual

B. Buccal

C. Parotid

D. Submandibular

C

Which salivary gland is located beneath the mandible?

A. Parotid

B. Sublingual

C. Submandibular

D. Buccal

C

Which salivary gland is located beneath the tongue?

A. Parotid

B. Sublingual

C. Submandibular

D. Buccal

B

Which enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion?

A. Pepsin

B. Lingual lipase

C. Salivary amylase

D. Trypsin

C

Which enzyme begins fat digestion?

A. Salivary amylase

B. Lingual lipase

C. Maltase

D. Pepsin

B

Approximately how much saliva is produced each day?

A. 250 mL

B. 500 mL

C. 1.5 liters

D. 5 liters

C

Which autonomic division primarily stimulates saliva production?

A. Sympathetic

B. Parasympathetic

C. Somatic

D. Enteric

B

Strong sympathetic stimulation causes:

A. Excess watery saliva

B. Dry mouth

C. Increased digestion

D. Increased enzyme production

B

Which antimicrobial substance found in saliva is an antibody?

A. Lysozyme

B. IgA

C. Amylase

D. Lipase

B

Which salivary enzyme destroys bacteria?

A. Amylase

B. IgA

C. Lysozyme

D. Lipase

C

Which papillae lack taste buds?

A. Vallate

B. Fungiform

C. Filiform

D. Foliate

C

Which papillae are the most numerous?

A. Vallate

B. Fungiform

C. Filiform

D. Foliate

C

Which papillae contain taste buds?

A. Filiform only

B. Fungiform, vallate, and foliate

C. Filiform and vallate

D. Filiform and fungiform

B

Adult humans normally have:

A. 20 permanent teeth

B. 24 permanent teeth

C. 28 permanent teeth

D. 32 permanent teeth

D

Deciduous teeth total:

A. 16

B. 20

C. 24

D. 32

B

Which teeth are specialized for cutting?

A. Molars

B. Premolars

C. Canines

D. Incisors

D

Which teeth are specialized for tearing?

A. Incisors

B. Canines

C. Premolars

D. Molars

B

Which teeth primarily crush food?

A. Incisors

B. Canines

C. Premolars

D. Molars

C

Which teeth primarily grind food?

A. Incisors

B. Canines

C. Premolars

D. Molars

D

The hardest substance in the human body is:

A. Bone

B. Cement

C. Dentin

D. Enamel

D

The bulk of the tooth is composed of:

A. Enamel

B. Dentin

C. Pulp

D. Cement

B

Which part of the tooth contains nerves and blood vessels?

A. Enamel

B. Cement

C. Pulp

D. Dentin

C

Which structure covers the root of the tooth?

A. Enamel

B. Dentin

C. Cement

D. Pulp

C

The periodontal ligament functions to:

A. Produce saliva

B. Attach the tooth to the jaw

C. Digest food

D. Protect taste buds

B

A patient loses their molars. Which activity becomes MOST difficult?

A. Cutting food

B. Tearing food

C. Grinding food

D. Swallowing

C

A cavity extends into the pulp. Which symptom is MOST likely?

A. Loss of saliva

B. Tooth pain

C. Difficulty swallowing

D. Loss of taste

B

A patient has severe dry mouth due to sympathetic overactivity. Which digestive process would be affected FIRST?

A. Protein digestion

B. Formation of a bolus

C. Bile secretion

D. Water absorption

B

A patient smells fresh pizza and immediately begins salivating before taking a bite. This is an example of:

A. Short reflex

B. Long reflex involving the CNS

C. Segmentation

D. Peristalsis

B