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Functional zonation
division of a city into different regions or zones for certain purposes or functions
Central business district (CBD)
The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.
Bid-rent theory
geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.
Commensal relationship
When commercial interests benefit each other
Residential zones
the areas of a city devoted to where people live rather than to commercial or industrial functions
Concentric zone model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
Sector Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).
Multiple-nuclei model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
Peripheral model
A model of North American urban areas consisting of and inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
Galactic city model
mini edge city that is connected to another city by beltways or highways
Griffin-Ford model
a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene
Commercial spine
This zone of the Latin American City Model consists of a several boulevards radiating outwards from the central square.
periférico
outer ring of city; often has poverty, lack of infrastructure, and poorly built housing
shantytowns
Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.
Favelas (barrios)
neighborhoods in Latin American cities where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common
Disamenity zone
areas not connected to city services and under the control of drug lords and gangs
Traditional CBD
the central business district that existed before European colonization characterized by clusters of shops on narrow streets
Informal economy zone
Small, mobile, and often temporary businesses that do not follow all regulations.
Periodic markets
a collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days
Informal (squatter) settlements
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
McGee model
developed by T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of SE Asia
Zoning ordinances
laws that regulate the uses of property in certain areas
Urban planning
A plan or thought for the design of a city
Inner city
the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city
Residential density gradient
as one moves farther from the inner city, population density declines along with the type and density of housing units
filtering
a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment
Invasion and succession
new immigrants to a city often move to areas occupied by older immigrant groups
Urban infill
the process of building up underused lands within a city
Suburbanization of business
the movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter
infrastructure
Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools
municipal
relating to a city, town, village, or the like with local self-government
annexation
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
incorporation
the act of legally joining together to form a new city
Bedroom communities
Commuter towns inhabited by people who drive or take public transport to another city for work.
Unincorporated areas
populated regions that do not fall within the legal boundary of any city or municipality
Public transportation
buses, subways, light rail, and trains operated by a government agency
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