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44 Terms

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Ad hominen argument

a fallacy that attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself

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allusion

a reference to something literary mythological, or historical that is assumed to be understood

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anaphora

to repeat a phrase or word in a sentence

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asyndeton

leaving out conjunctions to make a sentence sound better

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"He was fat, gay, ugly."

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Chiasmus

A statement where the phrases are reversed

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"Fair is foul, and foul is fair."

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Colloquialism

a word or phrase that is used in eveyrday casual talk; informal

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deductive reasoning

logic where general ideas are tied into specific ones

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didactic

intended to teach; life lesson or advice

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Epigram

a remark in a clever or witty tone

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Euphemism

an indirect way of saying something considered to be too harsh

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Hyperbole

an intentional exaggeration to create an effect

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Idiom

a phrase or expression where the meaning of the words isn't literal

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Inductive Reasoning

logic where specific ideas are connected to more general ones

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Jargon

special words or expressions used by a particular profession or group that may be difficult for others to understand

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Juxtaposition

when two things are seen or placed close together with a contrasting effect to show a clear difference

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Litotes

figure of speech where to express a statement by saying the opposite

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Maxim

a concise statement, often offering advice

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Metonymy

figure of speech where an object or concept is referred to by the name of something closely related to it

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"the crown" > monarchy

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Non sequitur

an inference that does not follow logically from the premises

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"It is raining outside. Moonbeam ice cream."

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Parallelism

use of same grammatical structure for words or phrases

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Parenthetical

added information into a sentence to help clarify or explain

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"My dog, a golden retriever, …"

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Pedantic

being concerned with little accuracy or formality

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Philippic

a bitter attack, especially a verbal one

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Polysyndeton

a sentence using multiple conjunctions close to one another

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"Live and laugh and love."

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Satire

use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize others

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Scheme

an artistic deviation from an ordinary arrangement of words

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  • anaphora, antithesis, anastrophe
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Solecism

a grammatical mistake in speech or writing

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Syllepsis

a construction where one word is used in two different senses.

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"he lost his dog and his temper."

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Syllogism

A form of logical reasoning where the conclusion is from 2-3 linked statements

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Synesthesia

describing one kind of sensation in terms of another

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Synecdoche

using a part of an object to represent the whole one

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"headcount" >> part of a person

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Trope

recurring theme, image, or idea used in storytelling

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Understatement

when a writer presents a topic with less importance than it should be

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Vernacular

language or dialect spoken in a particular country or region