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Ad hominen argument
a fallacy that attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself
allusion
a reference to something literary mythological, or historical that is assumed to be understood
anaphora
to repeat a phrase or word in a sentence
asyndeton
leaving out conjunctions to make a sentence sound better
"He was fat, gay, ugly."
Chiasmus
A statement where the phrases are reversed
"Fair is foul, and foul is fair."
Colloquialism
a word or phrase that is used in eveyrday casual talk; informal
deductive reasoning
logic where general ideas are tied into specific ones
didactic
intended to teach; life lesson or advice
Epigram
a remark in a clever or witty tone
Euphemism
an indirect way of saying something considered to be too harsh
Hyperbole
an intentional exaggeration to create an effect
Idiom
a phrase or expression where the meaning of the words isn't literal
Inductive Reasoning
logic where specific ideas are connected to more general ones
Jargon
special words or expressions used by a particular profession or group that may be difficult for others to understand
Juxtaposition
when two things are seen or placed close together with a contrasting effect to show a clear difference
Litotes
figure of speech where to express a statement by saying the opposite
Maxim
a concise statement, often offering advice
Metonymy
figure of speech where an object or concept is referred to by the name of something closely related to it
"the crown" > monarchy
Non sequitur
an inference that does not follow logically from the premises
"It is raining outside. Moonbeam ice cream."
Parallelism
use of same grammatical structure for words or phrases
Parenthetical
added information into a sentence to help clarify or explain
"My dog, a golden retriever, …"
Pedantic
being concerned with little accuracy or formality
Philippic
a bitter attack, especially a verbal one
Polysyndeton
a sentence using multiple conjunctions close to one another
"Live and laugh and love."
Satire
use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize others
Scheme
an artistic deviation from an ordinary arrangement of words
Solecism
a grammatical mistake in speech or writing
Syllepsis
a construction where one word is used in two different senses.
"he lost his dog and his temper."
Syllogism
A form of logical reasoning where the conclusion is from 2-3 linked statements
Synesthesia
describing one kind of sensation in terms of another
Synecdoche
using a part of an object to represent the whole one
"headcount" >> part of a person
Trope
recurring theme, image, or idea used in storytelling
Understatement
when a writer presents a topic with less importance than it should be
Vernacular
language or dialect spoken in a particular country or region