AP Psych Unit 2 Exam

activation synthesis dream theory

a theory that suggests that dreams are caused by neurons being fired in the brain, explains why sometimes dreams are random and weird

alpha brain waves

very relaxed,

occurs when listening to music, relaxing, hypnosis, meditation, daydreaming

theta brain waves

lightly asleep,

when you’re unaware of surroundings or stimuli,

important for processing information and making memories

beta brain waves

awake and alert,

normal consciousness, REM sleep

involved in conscious thought and logical thinking

delta brain waves

deeply relaxed and asleeped,

healing sleep that makes us feel rejuvenated

circadian rhythm

natural, 24hr biological clock that regulates physiological responses

cognitive development dream theory

a theory that suggests that dreams reveal conceptions of self, others, world, penalties, and conflict

consciousness

state of awareness of oneself and one’s environment

depressants

substances that reduce arousal and stimulation,

affect concentration, coordination, and reaction time

inhibit the CNS’s functions by slowing down messages between the brain and the body

dissociation

a disconnection between a person’s sensory experience, thoughts, sense of self or personal history

ego

rational part of the mind that mediates between the instinctual desires of the ID and the moral constraints of the superego,

part of the conscious personality

hallucinogens

also known as “psycheldic” drugs,

alters the five senses, as well as mood/thoughts

may cause a person to hallucinate

id

illogical, irrational, and fantasy-oriented,

selfish and wishful,

part of the unconscious

information processing dream theory

a theory that suggests that processing and sorting through all of the information accumulated during the day,

new connections are made = new memories

insomnia

a sleep disorder when it’s hard to fall asleep, stay asleep, or if you wake up too early

latent content

the underlying meaning of the dream

manifest content

the symbolic, remembered storyline of the dream

narcolepsy

a sleep disorder that makes people drowsy during the day,

difficult to stay awake for long periods of time and can fall asleep suddenly

narcotics

also known as “opiods”,

a variety of substances that dull the senses and relieve pain

examples": heroin, morphine

physiological function dream theory

a theory that believes that dreams are a product of processes in the body that the brain interprets

dreams = parallel surpressed consciousness state

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder when breathing repeatedly stops and starts in sleep

stimulants

a class of drugs that speed up messages traveling between the brain and body,

makes people feel awake, alert, and confident

ex) caffeine, nicotine ELFFF BARRRR

superego

moral component of the psyche, represents internalized societal values and standards

part of the unconscious that is the voice of the conscience

tolerance

a person’s diminished responses to a drug that is the result of repeated use

happens when abusing an addictive substance for a long time

unconscious

operates without awareness,

your instincts, reflexes

wish fulfillment dream theory

a theory that suggests that we dream to fulfill repressed wishes,

represent the unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations hidden,

reflect the things from childhood

withdrawl

also known as detoxification or detox,

when one quits on using drugs or substances and develop a dependence on them

william james

first to teach a psychology course in the U.S,

founded one of the first psych labs in U.S,

contributed to functionalism, James Lange theory of emotion, pragmatism,

influenced clinical and educational psychology

sigmund freud

founded psychoanalysis as a way to listen to patients and better understand how their minds work,

influential theories = unconscious mind, personality, mechanisms of defense

rem sleep

rapid eye movement,

heart rate and blood pressure increase,

beta and alpha waves,

vivid dreaming,

restorative and replenishes

nrem stage 1

very brief,

brain and body slows down,

moves from alpha to theta waves

nrem stage 2

further relaxation,

sleep spindles,

sleep talking,

theta to delta waves

nrem stage 3

deep sleep,

delta waves,

hard to wake up,

sleepwalking, bed wetting, night terrors,

stage shortens throughout night

hypnagogic sensations

bizarre experiences; jerking or feeling of falling or floating weightlessly

suprachiasmatic nucleus

pair of cell clusters in hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm, causes pineal gland o adjust melatonin production

night terrors

when a person quickly wakes up from sleep in a terrified state; flight vs fight activates

sleep paralysis

loss of muscle control while sleeping, can hear/see things

barbiturates

drugs that depress CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

spiutes

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin,

depresses neural activity,

temporarily lessens pain

nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

cocaine

stimulant,

produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria that deplates the brain’s supply of dopamine, serontonin, norepinephrine

amphetamines

drugs such as meth that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions

methamphetemine

stimulates the CNS with accelerated body functions,

triggers the release of dopamine - enhances energy and mood

ectasy

synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy

LSD

hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid; euphoria to detachment to anxiety

THC

marijuana, the major active ingredient in this drug, triggers variety of effects such as mild hallucinations