Organs (structure, location, function)

Structure of Testis

Oval gland made of many coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm are made and interstitial, Leydig, cells which make testosterone

Structure of Testis

Covered by a tough capsule, tunica albuginea

Location of testis

In the scrotum, outside the abdomen, below the penis

Function of testis

Produces sperm and the hormone testosterone for male traits and sperm production

Structure of bone

Hard connective tissue with an outer compact dense layer and inner spongy trabecular layer

Structure of bone

Contains bone cells, osteocytes, blood vessels, and marrow

Location of bone

Throughout the body as the skeleton, example skull, ribs, spine, and limbs

Function of bone

Supports and shapes the body, protects, organs, helps movement with muscles, stores minerals like calcium, and makes blood cells in marrow

Structure of nerve

Made of nerve fibers branching to connect with receptors

Location of nerve

Throughout the body as part of the peripheral nervouse system, connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles, skin, and organs

Functions of nerve

Carries messages, sensory and motor signals, between the body and the central nervous system

Structure of muscle

Made of long muscle fibers grouped into bundles, three types: skeletal (striated, voluntary), smooth (non-striated, in organs), and cardiac (heart muscle)

Location of muscle

Attached to bone (skeletal muscles), in walls of organs and blood vessels (smooth muscle), and in the heart (cardiac muscle)

Function of muscle

Produces movement, maintains posture, and generates heat, moves food and blood inside the body

Structure of lymph gland

Small, bean-shaped organs with an outer cortex and inner medulla, full of immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages) and filtered by lymphatic vessels

Location of lymph gland

A long lymphatic vessels throughout the body, common clusters in neck, armpits, and groin

Functions of lymph gland

Filters lymph, traps germs and abnormal cells, and helps activate immune responses

Structure of cerebellum

A highly folded part of the hindbrain with two hemispheres and a midline vermis, made of gray matter (outer cortex) and white matter inside

Location of cerebellum

At the back of the brain, under the occipital lobe and behind the brainstem (pons/medulla)

Functions of cerebellum

Coordinates voluntary movements, body posture, and motor learning, also contributes to some cognitive functions

Structure of liver

Large, wedge-shaped organ divided into lobes and lobules, contains hepatocytes (liver cells), bile ducts, and many blood vessels

Location of liver

Upper right side of the abdomen, under the diaphragm and protected by the lower right ribs

Functions of liver

Makes bile, processes nutrients, stores glycogen and vitamins, makes important proteins, example albumin, clotting factors, and detoxifies drugs and wastes

Structure of ovary

Small, almond-shaped gland with an outer cortex contains follicles with eggs and inner medulla, blood vessels, produces hormones via granulosa and theca cells

Location of ovary

In the lower abdomen/pelvis, one on each side of the uterus

Functions of ovary

Produces eggs (ova) and female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that regulate the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy

Structure of small intestine

Long tube divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, inner wall has folds, villi, and microvilli to increase surface area

Location of small intestine

In the abdomen, between the stomach and the large intestine

Functions of small intestine

Completes digestion of food and absorbs most nutrients and water into the blood

Structure of lung

Pair of spongy organs with branching airways (bronchi to bronchioles) ending in tiny air sacs (alveoli) surrounded by capillaries, right lung has three lobes, left has two

Location of lung

In the chest (thorax), on either side of the heart, protected by the rib cage

Function of lung

Takes oxygen from air into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood (gas exchange)

Structure of kidney

Bean-shaped organ with an outer cortex and inner medulla containing millions of filtering units (nephrons), drains urine into the renal pelvis and ureter

Location of kidney

In the back of the abdomen, one on each side of the spine, just below the rib cage

Functions of kidney

Filters blood to make urine, removes wastes balances fluids/electrolytes and acid-base, helps control blood pressure, and makes some hormones (erythropoietin)

Structure of bone marrow

Soft, spongy tissue inside bone cavities, contains blood-forming (hematopoietic) cells, fat cells, and supportive stromal cells

Location of bone marrow

In the medullary cavities of bones—red marrow in flat bones (pelvis, sternum, ribs, vertebrae) and emds of long bones, yellow marrow in shafts of long bones

Function of bone marrow

Produces blood cells (red cells, white cells, platelets) and supports immune function, yellow marrow stores fat

Structure of skull

Bony case made of several fused flat bones (cranial bones) plus facial bones, encloses and protects the brain and supports the face

Location of skull

Head, forms the top, back, sides, and base of the cranium and the face

Functions of skull

Protects the brain, supports facial structures, and provides attachment points for head and neck muscles