History India/China

What are strong, violent wind storms thatchange directions based on the season?

monsoons

What is a is a smaller pieceof land that is part of a larger continent, yet has some differences that earn a separate designation.

a subcontinent

What is a flat area of land at a higher elevation than surronding land?

plateau

what was the indus civilization also known as?

harappan civilization

what means Mound of the Dead Men?

mohenjo daro

what is the process of adopting the cultural traits, values, or behaviors of another group

acculturation

what are former warriors elected to power, led tribal political groups as the early form of government ?

rajah

what is the sanskrit word meaning armor, protection, or shield

varma

what is the universal spirit that connected all living beings?

brahman

in Hindu belief, a persons essential self

atman

the ultimate goal of existence, which is to achiece union with brahman

moksha

the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

reincarnation

the endless cycle of death, rebirth, and suffering

samsara

all the actions that determines someones fate in the new life

karma

the religious and moral duties of an individual

dharma

hindu belief for nonviolence and revernce for all life

ahimsa

an unchangeable social group unto a person is born

caste

union with the univere and release from the cycle of rebirth

nirvana

someone sent to do relgious work in a territory or foreign country

missionaries

period of great cultural achievement

golden age

system of numbers based on 10

decimal system

family organization in which several families share a common dwelling

joint family

in some societies, payment a bride’s family makes to the bridegroom and his family; payment a woman brings to marriage

dowry

fine windblown yellow soil

loess

rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven

dynastic circle

a decentralized socio-political system where land is exchanged for service and loyalty, with peasants working the land for local lords who, in turn, serve a ruler

feudalism

loosely organized core Confucian virtue emphasizing deep respect, obedience, and care for one's parents, elders, and ancestors

filal piety

an animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to tell the future

oracle bone

written symbols in writing systems

characters

the art of producing beautiful handwriting

calligraphy

an ancient Indian spiritual leader, born a prince, who founded Buddhism after renouncing his sheltered, luxurious life to seek an end to suffering

siddarhtha gautama

a 6th-century BCE Indian spiritual leader, considered the 24th Tirthankara (ford-maker) and the last founder of Jainism

mahavira

founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India

Chandragupta Maurya

the third, most powerful emperor of India's Mauryan Dynasty, renowned for unifying much of the Indian subcontinent

ashoka

he was a renowned Classical Sanskrit poet and dramatist widely regarded as ancient India's greatest writer

kalidasa

a famous female general, queen, and high priestess of China's Shang Dynasty (c. 1200 BC), known for her military prowess, powerful tomb with rich artifacts

fu hao

a Chinese philosopher and educator whose teachings, known as Confucianism,formed the bedrock of Chinese culture\

Confucious

legendary ancient Chinese philosopher traditionally credited with founding Taoism (Daoism)

laozi

the first emperor of a unified China (r. 221-210 BCE), founder of the Qin Dynasty, who conquered warring states, established a centralized imperial system,

shi huangdi

educated bureaucrats who ran the empire, selected primarily through rigorous merit-based imperial examinations on Confucian classics

civil servants

a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practice using thin needles to stimulate specific body points, based on the belief that illness stems from blocked vital energy

accupuncture

what were the four gods created from purusha

-brahmins

-kshastriyas

-vasiya

-sudras

what are brahmins and where did they come from?

priests, came from mouth

what are kshastriyas and where did they come from?

warriors, arms

what are vaisyas and where did they come from?

herders farmers merchants, his two thighs

what are sudras and where did they come from?

laborers and servants, from his two feet

what did mountains provide for india

isolation for centuries

what was the importance of rivers in ancient india?

essential for agriculture (fertile soil, irrigation), transportation (trade, armies)

what were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in ancient india

two major cities

what was the vedic migration of the aryans

• Came from Caucasus Mountains

• Intermarried with remaining native Indian people creating a new culture

Ancient India’s language was

sanskrit

what god used a thunderbolt to destroy demons and bring rain

indra

what is the eight fold path?

the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced:

what are the 8 parts of the eight fold path?

right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.

-Emphasizes extreme form of ahimsa (non-violence)

-Will sweep the ground as they walk to avoid killing bugs

-founded by mahavira

janism

_______ period starts with conquests by Alexander the Great (326 BC)

-Destabilized the Aryan states

-Alexander retreated but left a power vacuum

Mauryan

What was the difference between Chandraguptra and Ashokas reign

Chandraguptrahad a harsh, autocratic, relied on force and spies (like Chanakya's Arthashastra) for expansion and control. Ashoka had a moral, compassionate, focused on the well-being of all beings

Waht religion did Ashoka convert to?

buddhism

who was the gupta empire founded by

Chandra Gupta I

what were accomplishments for gupta in the golden age

mathematics (zero, decimals, algebra), astronomy (Earth's rotation, heliocentric ideas), medicine (vaccination, surgery), architecture (temples, Iron Pillar), and literature (Sanskrit

Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism with Christianity

Christianity has a focus on one God. While Hinduism has many gods they worship. Buddhism doesn’t worhsip a single god, but worships deities. Christianity focusing on a personal God and redemption through Jesus. Hinduism is focusing on oneness with Brahman. And Buddhism focuses on ending suffering (nirvana).

what is another name for the huang he river?

yellow river

why does the yellow river ahve this name?

named for the massive amounts of loess, it carries from China's Loess Plateau, which turns the water a muddy, yellowish color and leaves fertile yellow deposits when it floods

what was the first official dynasty of china

shang dynasty

what dynasty claim the Mandate of Heaven when overthrowing Shang

zhou dynasty

what is Confucious five relationships standards

(ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger sibling, friend-friend)

who was daoism founded by

laozi

What is taoisms connection to the natural world?

Taoism's connection to the natural world is through living in harmony with the Tao (the Way), a concept embodied by Yin and Yang,

what is yin and yang

opposite, yet complementary and interconnected forces (like dark/light, female/male, passive/active) that exist in harmony, creating a balanced whole

what is the silkmaking secret of ancient china

silkworms

what dynasty had the terracotta warriors

Qin dynasty

what was shi huangdis government like

Shi Huangdi's government was a highly centralized, autocratic state built on Legalist principles, using strict laws, harsh punishments, and a powerful bureaucracy to control a unified China

what dynasty focused on trade through the silk road

han dynasty