Studied by 4 people
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Neutral species interaction
neither species is helped nor harmed by interaction
Amensalism
One species is harmed while the other is unaffected
Competition
Both species are harmed
Intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
Interspecific competition
competition between two or more members of different species
When the number of these overlap, competition becomes greater
niches
Interference competition
Competition for space
How can competition be reduced?
resource partitioning and character displacement
resource partitioning
dividing resources so several species can utilize
Character displacement
Physical/behavioral differences between species allowing them to use different resources
Predation
One species feeds on another
What are the four main types of prey defenses?
Physical, chemical, color, behavioral
Example of physical defenses
Thorns or spines
Ex. of behavioral defenses
passive and active
Ex. of chemical defenses
Poisons/irritants
What are the three types of coloration defense
mimicry, frightening coloration, camouflage (cryptic coloration)
Parasitism
Feeding by one organism (parasite) on another (host) while living in or on host organism
What are the two types of parasitism
endoparasites and ectoparasites
endoparasites...
live inside of the host
Ectoparasites...
live on or outside of the host
Commensalism
one species benefits, the other is unaffected
Mutualism
both species are benefitted
Obligate symbionts
each species requires the other for survival
What are the three types of symbiosis?
mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
