Writing research hypotheses

what are declarative predictions that provides an explanation for an observed event

hypotheses

How should hypotheses be written

With language that expresses either causation or correlation between the variables being studied

what 3 factors does causation measuer

• difference

• greater/ less than

• improves/reduces

what does correlation do (3)

• relates

• associates

• predicts

How should variables be defined

operationally

What is being described with this statement:

• Performing 3 sets of 10 dynamic stretching exercises targeting hip flexors for exactly 10 minutes (monitored with a stopwatch), at a cadence of 2 seconds per repetition, improves hip flexion range of motion, measured to the nearest 0.1° with a calibrated goniometer, more effectively than performing 3 sets of 30-second static stretches on a yoga mat at 72°F room temperature, monitored with a timer."

How variables should be operationally defined

what does it mean to be operationally defined?

they are clearly and specifically stated in terms of how they will be measured or manipulated in a research study, essentially translating abstract concepts into concrete, observable behaviors or characteristics that can be quantified and analyzed

What represents the baseline assumption or default position in a study

null hypothesis

99% of the time takes the position of no effect , no difference, no relationship etc — what hypothesis is being described

null hypothesis

what represents what the researcher aims to support through their study

alternative hypothesis

you can either _____ the Null hypothesis or ________ the null hypothesis

reject ; fail to reject

true or false: the null and alternative hypothesis can be directional or non directional

true

what is a directional and non directional hypothesis

A "directional hypothesis" predicts not only that a relationship exists between variables but also specifies the direction of that relationship (e.g., "people who exercise regularly will have lower blood pressure"), while a "non-directional hypothesis" simply states that a relationship exists without predicting the direction