Ch 5 Hormonal response to Exercise 2022 (1)

Neuroendocrine system

System that integrates the nervous system and the endocrine system to regulate physiological processes.

Hormones

Chemical messengers released by glands in the endocrine system that affect target tissues.

Epinephrine

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; involved in the 'fight or flight' response.

Hormone-receptor interaction

The process by which hormones bind to their specific receptors to exert effects on target cells.

Cyclic AMP

A second messenger that activates protein kinases to mediate hormonal effects.

Glycogenolysis

The metabolic process of breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Aldosterone

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates the uptake of glucose by tissues.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that promotes the mobilization of glucose and fatty acids.

Catecholamines

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, that regulate various physiological responses.

Growth hormone

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.

Thyroid hormones

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland (T3 and T4) that regulate metabolism.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that helps control water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Free fatty acids (FFA)

Fatty acids that are released from adipose tissue and used as an energy source.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of testosterone.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A hormone that stimulates follicle development in the ovaries and spermatogenesis in the testes.

Downregulation

A decrease in the number of receptors in response to high hormone concentrations.

Upregulation

An increase in the number of receptors in response to low hormone concentrations.

Adrenal cortex

The outer layer of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones like cortisol.

Plasma hormone concentration

The amount of hormone present in the blood, which influences physiological responses.

Exercise intensity

The level of effort exerted during physical activity, which affects metabolic and hormonal responses.