Energy Electron Transport Chain week 13 (DONE)

Which three catabolic processes of cellular respiration occur in mitochondria?

Pyruvate oxidation (link reaction), citric acid cycle (krebs cycle), and oxidative phopshorylation.

Do these three catabolic processes require oxygen (O2) molecules?

Yes, in different ways

How does pyruvate oxidation use oxygen?

mitochondrion re-oxidize NADH to NAD+ which depend on ETC (electron transport chain) having oxygen (O2)

How does citric acid cycle (krebs cycle) use oxygen?

Uses it indirectly, but generates NADH and FADH2

How does oxidative phosphorylation use oxygen?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the ETC, forming water

In which organelle is the majority of ATP made during cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion

Which enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesizes ATP?

ATP synthase (complex V)

Which two energy rich molecules made during cellular respiration donate energy rich electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) to energize it?

NADH and FADH

In the inner membrane of each mitochondrion, why are there multiple copies of the ETC?

allows mitochondria to produce large amounts of ATP efficiently, due to the high surface area of the inner membrane

In the inner membrane of each mitochondrion, why are there multiple copies of ATP synthase?

so the mitochondria can convert the proton gradient into ATP, meeting the cells high energy damands

Does electron transport through the ETC forms the H+ ion concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Yes, directly creates the H+ gradient that drives ATP production

Which enzyme uses the energy of this concentration gradient to make ATP?

ATP synthase

Can this enzyme make ATP without the concentration gradient?

No, ATP synthase cannot make ATP without H+ concentration gradient

Is oxygen (O2) necessary for electron flow to continue through the ETC?

Yes, ETC requires oxygen because O2 is the terminal electron acceptor

Why is the absence of O2 in mitochondria lethal?

without oxygen the mitochondria cannot produce ATP and cells due from energy failure

Why is the metabolic poison, cyanide, lethal?

it stops ETC at complex IV preventing ATP production 

How does the metabolic poison, dinitrophenol, reduces ATP synthesis in mitochondria?

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by dissipating the proton gradient, allowing electron transport to continue but preventing ATP production

When O2 is in the mitochondria, what is the estimated total number of ATP molecules produced from the catabolism of one glucose molecules by cellular respiration?

30-32 ATP molecules