South & Southeast Asia Developments 1200-1450

20 practice Q&A flashcards covering major belief systems, states, and key terms from the South and Southeast Asia notes (1200–1450).

What were the three major belief systems that shaped South and Southeast Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450?

Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism.

In Hinduism in India, what social structure provided stability and continuity?

The caste system.

Which Hindu movement focused on personal devotion to a deity and rejected the caste system?

The Bhakti Movement.

Under the Delhi Sultanate, which tax was imposed on non-Muslims?

Jizya.

What is Sufism?

Islamic mysticism; devotion to Allah with emphasis on spiritual practices and sometimes asceticism.

The Qutub Minar is an example of architecture showing a blend of which traditions?

Islamic and Hindu temple architecture.

Where did the idea of 'Arabic numerals' originate?

India.

Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire, according to the notes, and around what time?

Two Muslim brothers of the Delhi sultanates, around 1336 C.E.

What was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire called?

Vijayanagara (the City of Victory).

What characterized the Vijayanagara economy?

A thriving cash economy based on rice cultivation and trade.

Besides controlling sea routes, what did Vijayanagara rulers monopolize?

Trade in war items such as horses, elephants, and weapons.

Which Southeast Asian empire built Angkor Wat?

The Khmer/Angkor Empire.

What irrigation features contributed to Angkor's prosperity?

A complex irrigation and drainage system enabling multiple rice harvests and reducing monsoon damage.

In Southeast Asia, what was notable about women's independence before Islam?

Women enjoyed more independence.

When did the Majapahit Empire exist, and where was it located?

1293–1520, in Indonesia (Java); the last Indianized kingdom in Indonesia.

What happened to Majapahit around 1527?

It succumbed to the Sultanate of Demak.

What was a key feature of Majapahit's power?

Control of sea routes.

What is Buddhist Monasticism?

Monks and nuns who take vows; Buddhism as the center of life; simple lifestyle; preservation and transmission; ethical living.

How did Southeast Asian governments generally treat Islam during this period?

They accommodated Islam, but most people continued with their own religions.

What was Angkor Thom, and what is it known for?

The capital of the Khmer/Angkor Empire, famed for its Buddhist art and deities.