Bio unit 2 vocab

protein bound to one surface of a membrane

peripheral protein

region along which the density of a substance increases or decreases

gradient

solution surrounding the cell that causes no net water movement in or out the cell

isotonic

accepted model of cell membrane structure

fluid mosaic model

diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane

osmosis

solution that is lower in solute concentration and will cause the cell to swell up

hypotonic

molecule that binds to another molecule

ligand

active transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane by pumping ions

electrogenic pump

coupling of diffusion of one substance to movement of another substance against its concentration gradient.

cotransport

transmembrane protein that has hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

integral proteins

channel protein that starts osmosis

aquaporin

endocytosis of large particle substances, carried out by protists and certain immune cells of animals

phagocytosis

cellular secretion of biological molecules by fusing interior vesicles with the plasma membrane 

exocytosis

solution that is higher in solute concentration and will cause cell to lose water

hypertonic

random motion of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

diffusion

transmembrane protein that open or closes in response to a particular stimulus

gated channel

cell drinking

pincytosis

transport protein pump in animal cells that transports Na out and K in

sodium potassium pump

active transport protein that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions against their gradient

proton pump

when the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall as the wall loses water.

plasmolysis

movement of molecules or ions down their concentration gradient through specific proteins

facilitated diffusion

having both and hydrophobic and philic regions

amphipathic

movement across cell membrane that requires energy

active transport

regulation of solute concentrations and water by a cell

osmoregulation

cellular uptake of biological molecules by formation of vesicles

endocytosis