Chemistry Fundamentals and Memorization Guide

Flashcards covering polyatomic ions, solubility rules, mandatory atomic masses, metric prefixes, and physical constants for chemistry.

Ammonium

$$NH_4^+$$

Nitrite

$$NO_2^-$$

Nitrate

$$NO_3^-$$

Hydroxide

$$OH^-$$

Cyanide

$$CN^-$$

Permanganate

$$MnO_4^-$$

Acetate

$$C_2H_3O_2^-$$

Hypochlorite

$$ClO^-$$

Chlorite

$$ClO_2^-$$

Chlorate

$$ClO_3^-$$

Perchlorate

$$ClO_4^-$$

Peroxide

$$O_2^{2-}$$

Chromate

$$CrO_4^{2-}$$

Dichromate

$$Cr_2O_7^{2-}$$

Sulfite

$$SO_3^{2-}$$

Sulfate

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

Bisulfate (Hydrogen sulfate)

$$HSO_4^-$$

Carbonate

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

Bicarbonate (Hydrogen carbonate)

$$HCO_3^-$$

Phosphate

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

Phosphite

$$PO_3^{3-}$$

Solubility of Group IA cations and $NH_4^+$

Always soluble with no exceptions.

Solubility of Nitrate ($NO_3^-$), Chlorate ($ClO_3^-$), Acetate ($CH_3COO^-$), and Perchlorate ($ClO_4^-$)

Always soluble with no exceptions.

Solubility Exceptions for Halides ($Cl^-$, $Br^-$, $I^-$)

Insoluble when paired with $Ag^+$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, or $Pb^{2+}$.

Solubility Exceptions for Sulfates ($SO_4^{2-}$)

Insoluble when paired with $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, or $Pb^{2+}$.

Solubility of Carbonates ($CO_3^{2-}$) and Phosphates ($PO_4^{3-}$)

Insoluble except when paired with Group 1A cations or $NH_4^+$.

Solubility of Hydroxides ($OH^-$) and Sulfides ($S^{2-}$)

Insoluble except when paired with Group 1A cations, $NH_4^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, or $Ba^{2+}$.

Atomic Mass of Hydrogen (H)

$1.01$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Carbon (C)

$12.01$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Nitrogen (N)

$14.01$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Oxygen (O)

$16.00$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Fluorine (F)

$19.00$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Sodium (Na)

$22.99$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Magnesium (Mg)

$24.31$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Chlorine (Cl)

$35.45$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Iron (Fe)

$55.85$ AMU

Atomic Mass of Silver (Ag)

$107.87$ AMU

Kilo-

$$1000$$

Deci-

$1/10$ or $0.1$

Centi-

$1/100$ or $0.01$

Milli-

$1/1000$ or $0.001$

Volume Conversion: $1\,mL$

$$1\,cm^3$$

Density of water

$$1.00\,g/cm^3$$