hosa medical terminology pt. 2

terminology required to be prepared for the hosa medical terminology test

cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessels carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carrying away waste

heart

muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, and returning it to the body through the arteries

apex

the lower pointed end of the heart

septum

wall of heart tissue separating the right and left sides

atrium

upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left

ventricle

lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left structures

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

myocardium

middle muscular layer of heart tissue

epicardium

outer lining of the heart

pericardium

sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and aorta

mitral valve

heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; also called a bicuspid valve

pulmonary valve

heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called a semilunar valve due to the half-moon shape of its three cusps

tricuspid valve

heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

blood vessels

structures that carry or transport blood

artery

vessel carrying blood away from the heart

arteriole

small artery

capillary

microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between the blood and cells of the body

lumen

interior space of a vessel

venule

small vein

vein

vessel carrying blood to the heart

aorta

largest artery that begins as an arch from te left ventricle then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

inferior vena cava

large vein carrying blood to the heart from the lower part of the body

superior vena cava

large vein carrying blood to the heart from the upper part of the body

lymph

clear fluid consisting of fluctuating amounts of white blood cells and a few red blood cells that accumulates in tissue and is removed by the lymphatic capillaries

lymph nodes; lymph glands

small bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph; located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, and mediastinal areas

lymph vessels

vessels transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system

lymph capillaries

microscopic thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph, proteins, and waste from body tissues

lymph ducts

the largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

circle or crown

electr/o

electric, electricity

my/o

muscle

phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o

vein

pulmon/o

lung

scler/o

hard

son/o

sound, sound waves

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o, thorac/o

thorax, chest

thromb/o

blood clot

valv/o, valvul/o

valve

varic/o

swollen or twisted vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

aden/o

gland

lymph/o

lymph

brady-

slow

de-

away from, cessation, without

endo-

in, within

epi-

on, following

inter-

between

intra-

within

peri-

around, surrounding

tachy-

rapid, fast

tel-

end

trans-

across, through

tri-

three

-al, -ar, -ary, -ic

pertaining to

-ectasia

dilation, stretching

-gram

record, recording

-graph

instrument for recording

-graphy

process of recording

-icle, -ole, -ule

small

-lytic

destruction, breakdown, separation

-ium

tissue, structure

-stenosis

stricture, narrowing

-oid

resembling

arteriovenous (AV)

pertaining to both arteries and veins

atrioventricular (AV)

pertaining to the atria and ventricles

constriction

process of narrowing or tightening of a structure

cyanotic

pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood

deoxygenation

process of adding oxygen

paroxysmal

sudden

patent

open or exposed

precordial

pertaining to the anterior left chest

sphygmic

pertaining to the pulse

stenotic

pertaining to the condition of narrowing

supraventricular

pertaining to above the ventricles

systole

the contraction phase of the ventricles in the heartbeat cycle

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

thrombotic

pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot

varicose

pertaining to swollen or twisted veins

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia

aneurysm

dilation of an artery; usually due to a weakness in the wall of the artery

angina pectoris

chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

angiostenosis

narrowing of a blood vessel

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aortic valve opening

arteriosclerosis; arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

hardening or loss of elasticity of the arteries

atherosclerosis

buildup of plaque or fatty paste inside arterial walls

cardiac arrest

complete, sudden cessation of cardiac activity

cardiac tamponade

compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscles

cardiopathy

any disease of the heart

cardiovalvulitis

inflammation of the valves of the heart

coarctation of the aorta

narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia

congestive heart failure (CHF)

inefficiency of cardiac circulation causing edema and pulmonary congestion

coronary artery disease (CAD)

narrowing of the coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium

coronary occlusion

blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction

embolus

vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air, plaque, and/or other foreign material

endocarditis

inflammation of the endocardium