US History 1 - Charette Final Exam

Constitution

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

N.W Ordinance

Established rules for organizing the western territories.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

3 branches of government

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

Great Compromise

The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators.

3/5's compromise

The compromise agreeing that 3/5's of slaves would count towards the population determining a states representatives in the house of representatives

Override

Pass a law despite a veto

Veto

Presidents power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Impeachment

Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

Federalism

form of government where power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

Checks and Balances

used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch; every branch can keep the others in check

Due process

A citizens right to a fair trial

Amendments

Changes to the Constitution

Ratification

Formal approval

House of Congress

Senate or House of representatives.

Manifest Destiny

The idea that America had the God given right to expand "From sea to shining sea"

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land from the louisiana purchase and map a route to the Pacific.

Sacajawea

native american woman who was a guide an interpreter for the lewis and clark expedition

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Texas Revolution

the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico

Alamo

A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was attacjer by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the end all of the Texans were killed by the Mexican force. "Remember the Alamo"

Sam Houston

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Rio Grande

river that forms the border between Texas and Mexico

Oregon Trail

Trail from independence Missouri to Oregon used by many pioneers during the 1840s

Gadsden Purchase

Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Gaudalupe Hidalgo Treaty

Ended the Mexican-American war

James K. Polk

11th president; 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union.

Missouri Compromise

decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Compromise of 1850

Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave and abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action, created 'The North Star' newspaper

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A novel written from the perspective of a slave named Uncle Tom, moved many emotionally and brought them to the side of ending slavery

John Brown

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory.

Dred Scott

A slave, who sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

Harriet Tubman

Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Harriet Beecher Stove

Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin

Robert E. Lee

Commander of the Confederate Army

U.S. Grant

Union general who later became president

Pickett's Charge

Ghettysburg

three day battle; bloodiest BATTLE in US history; turning point of Civil war

Total War

participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

William T. Sherman

general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinated Abraham Lincoln

Appottomax Courthouse

Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant after almost a year of fighting throughout Virginia in the "Wilderness Campaign."

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

CSA

Confederate States of America (i think??)

Secede

to withdraw

Wilderness Campaign

a series of battles designed to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia

Antietem

Bloodiest DAY in U.S history, 20,000 casualties

Vicksburg

split the Confederacy in two and gave the North control of the Mississippi River.

Richmond

Capital of the Confederacy

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, V.P. when Lincoln was killed, so he became president. The first U.S. president to be impeached.

The Union

The Northern States during the Civil War

Confederacy

the southern states that seceded from the United States

Emancipation Proclamation

freed the slaves

Clara Barton

Founded the organization now known as the American Red Cross

Ghettysburg Address

Lincoln gave this speech at the battle of Ghettysburg.

Border States

states between the north and the south: delaware, maryland, kentucky, and missouri

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a region

War of 1812

between the United States and England where England was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Amendment 1

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Amendment 2

Right to bear arms

Amendment 3

do not need to quarter soldiers in times of peace

amendment 4

No unreasonable searches and seizures; need a warrant

amendment 5

due process, double jeopardy; self incrimination

amendment 6

Right to a speedy trial

amendment 7

Right to trial by jury

amendment 8

No cruel and unusual punishment

amendment 9

People get rights not listed in Constitution.

amendment 10

Any rights not given to federal government are given to the states and people.

amendment 13

Abolition of slavery

amendment 14

If you are born in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S.

amendment 15

You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed.

amendment 16

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

amendment 17

established Popular election of U.S. Senators.

amendment 18

Prohibition of alcohol

amendment 19

Women's right to vote

amendment 22

President can only serve two terms.

amendment 27

Congress cannot accept a pay raise until next term.