U.S. Foreign Policy & The Muslim World – Lecture Review

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts, events, and terms from Lectures 010-040 on U.S. national security, Middle East policy, Islam, and related historical developments.

According to Professor Brownlee, the United States enjoys more __ than any other country in history.

national security

In 2022 the United States produced about __ % of global GDP.

19

The United States spends roughly as much on defense as the next __ top-spending countries combined.

nine

Modern terrorism deaths are concentrated in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and similar countries, not in the United States; this challenges the common U.S. media narrative about __.

national security danger to Americans

Islam is the __ largest religion in the world.

second

Roughly __ % of the world’s Muslims live in South, East, and Southeast Asia.

65

The five pillars of Islam are Praying 5x/day, Charity, there is One God, Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and __.

Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

The Arabic word __ means “struggle” and can describe both an inner spiritual effort and, at times, armed conflict.

jihad

The first four successors to Muhammad are called the __ or “Rightly Guided” caliphs.

Rashidun

About __ % of Muslims worldwide identify as Sunni.

90

The 1953 CIA- and MI6-backed overthrow of Iran’s Prime Minister Mossadegh was codenamed Operation __.

Ajax

Under the _ Doctrine, U.S. allies were expected to provide the manpower for their own defense.

Nixon

President Carter’s pledge to defend the Persian Gulf “by any means necessary” is known as the __ Doctrine.

Carter

The failed 1980 attempt to rescue U.S. hostages in Iran was code-named Operation __.

Eagle Claw

The covert CIA program (1979-1989) that armed Afghan mujahideen was Operation __.

Cyclone

The shoulder-fired anti-aircraft weapon that helped the mujahideen was the __ missile.

Stinger

Iraq invaded Iran in __, starting an eight-year war.

1980

The October 23, 1983 suicide bombing that killed 241 U.S. Marines occurred in __, Lebanon.

Beirut

The 1988 U.S. naval retaliation that destroyed Iranian ships and oil platforms was Operation __.

Praying Mantis

The combat phase to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991 was Operation __.

Desert Storm

The Powell-Weinberger Doctrine insists on using force only when __ national interests are involved.

vital

After the Gulf War, the United States enforced __ zones over northern and southern Iraq.

no-fly

The 1998 statute making regime change in Baghdad official policy was the Iraq __ Act.

Liberation

The 1992-1993 U.S. humanitarian/peacekeeping effort in Somalia was Operation __.

Restore Hope

Anthony Lake’s 1993 strategy called for the enlargement of the world’s community of __ democracies.

market

Presidential Decision Directive 39 (1995) declared terrorism a potential threat to __ security.

national

The August 1998 cruise-missile strikes on Sudan and Afghanistan were part of Operation __ Reach.

Infinite

The guided-missile destroyer bombed in Aden harbor on October 12, 2000 was USS __.

Cole

The 9/11 attacks were carried out by __ hijackers.

19

Fifteen of the 9/11 hijackers were citizens of __.

Saudi Arabia

Al-Qaeda’s plan to crash commercial jets into U.S. landmarks was nicknamed the __ operation.

planes

The Taliban movement arose chiefly among Afghanistan’s __ ethnic group.

Pashtun

The Taliban leader who sheltered Osama bin Laden was Mullah __.

Omar

In 1983 the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force was reorganized as U.S. __ (CENTCOM).

Central Command

NSC-68 (1950) called for a long-term policy of __ against the Soviet Union.

containment

The 1823 policy warning Europe against meddling in the Western Hemisphere is the __ Doctrine.

Monroe

The 1899 proposal for equal trade access to China was known as the __ Door Policy.

Open

Post-Vietnam aversion to large U.S. ground wars is often termed the Vietnam __.

Syndrome

U.S. military conscription ended in __, creating an All-Volunteer Force.

1973

Proven oil reserves are quantities recoverable under current technological and __ conditions.

economic

The disputed Iran-Iraq waterway is the Shatt al-__.

Arab

The 1979 Tehran embassy seizure initially captured __ American hostages.

66

The 1987 U.S. mission to escort re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers was Operation __ Will.

Earnest

Washington’s 1990s strategy of opposing both Iran and Iraq simultaneously was called __ Containment.

Dual

In Arabic, mujahideen literally means “those who engage in __.”

jihad (holy struggle/war)