Exam 2 Antibiotics

penicillin examples

• penicillin

• amoxicillin

• nafcillin

penicillin action

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

penicillin indication

• Narrow spectrum Gram + (penicillin G)

• broad spectrum (Amoxicillin)

• anti-staph (Nafcillin) 

penicillin adverse effects

• GI distress

• superinfection

• urticaria - rash

• angioedema - swellin

• anaphylaxis

• abdominal pain

• pruritus - itching

• bronchoconstriction

• stridor

• laryngeal edema

• hypotension

penicillin interactions

• Oral contraceptives

• potassium

• warfarin

Cephalosporin example

ceftriaxone

Cephalosporins action

• Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

• Bactericidal

Cephalosporins indications

Broad Spectrum

• 5th generation, mrsa 

Cephalosporins adverse effects

• gi distress

• increased bleeding with high dose

• nephrotoxicity in patients with pre existing renal disorders

• may be allergic if allergic to penicillin

macrolide examples

azithromycin

macrolide action

Inhibits protein synthesis in the bacteria

macrolide indication

Broad Spectrum, mainly gram +

macrolide adverse effects

• gi distress

• superinfection - c. diff

• hepatotoxicity with high doses in combo with other hepatotoxic drugs

Tetracyclines action

• Inhibit protein synthesis

• Bacteriostatic

tetracyclines example

doxycycline

tetracyclines use

• broad spectrum

• h. pylori

• treats acne

tetracycline adverse effect

• photosensitivity

• diplopia - double vision

• discoloration of permanent teeth

• gi distress

• superinfection

• teratogenic effects - birth defects

tetracycline interactions

• milk products 

• antacids

• oral contraceptives

• taken with food 

Aminoglycosides examples

gentamicin

Aminoglycosides action

• Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

• bactericidal

Aminoglycosides use

gram negative

Aminoglycosides adverse effects 

• ototoxicity 

• nephrotoxicity

• increased bleeding time w warfarin

Fluoroquinolones example

ciprofloxacin

Fluoroquinolones action

• Inhibits DNA replication 

Fluoroquinolones use

• broad spectrum

• bactericidal

Fluoroquinolones adverse effects

• dysgeusia - distorted flavors/taste

• tendinitis

Fluoroquinolones interactions

• dont use in pregnancy or kids below 18

• dont take with antacids

glycopeptides examples

vancomycin

glycopeptides action

inhibit cell wall synthesis 

glycopeptides use

• serious infections

• treats mrsa

• gram positive

• bactericidal

glycopeptides adverse effects

• ototoxicity

• nephrotoxicity

• red mans syndrome

  • severe hypotension

  • red blotching

• iv site infections

• gi effects

• headache

• dizziness

• fatigue