________ predicted that the next great international conflic would be a "clash of civilizations "arising from underlying differences between Western liberal democracy and Islamic fundamentalism.
New cards
2
Constructivists
________ emphasize the sources found in the power of ideas (nontangible)
New cards
3
Boko Haram
________ is also known as "western ways are forbidden "is a radical Islamist guerrilla group fighting the Nigerian military in the north.
New cards
4
Pluralist Model
________: Focuses on the fact that societal groups may play very important roles in the foreign policies adopted by states and captures decision- making processes involving these actors.
New cards
5
Credibility
________: The quality of having both the ability and incentive to act using a certain policy such that other states believe it will be carried out.
New cards
6
ISs goal
The ________ was to bring grandeur, authority, and stability to the caliphate by capturing territory, exploiting resources in that territory to gain economic support, and establishing governance with a strict legal system bringing swift justice to offenders and and educational and social service system.
New cards
7
Compellence
For ________ or Deterrence to be effective, states must clearly and openly communicate their objectives and capabilities, be willing to make good on threats or fulfill promises, and have the capacity to follow through with their commitments.
New cards
8
acceptable solution
Satisficing: Settling for a decision that is a minimally ________, even if that decision is not the best possible outcome.
New cards
9
Realists
________ focus primarily on natural and tangible power sources.
New cards
10
Diplomacy
________ usually begins with negotiation, through indirect or direct communication, in an attempt to reach an agreement.
New cards
11
informal diplomatic interactions
Track Two Diplomacy: Consists of individuals from outside the government engaging in ________ with the aim of helping to resolve their conflicts.
New cards
12
Sunni Shia
The conflict in the ________ divide is based on who the legitimate successor is to the prophet Muhammad.
New cards
13
1st
The ________ level of bargaining is international bargaining between states.
New cards
14
Industrial development
________, economic diversification, level of infrastructure, and characteristics of the military are critical tangible sources of power potential.
New cards
15
Kashmir
________ is divided by a 450 mile line of control patrolled by Pakistan and India troops.
New cards
16
Engagement
________: Getting a target state to act in a desired way by rewarding the moves it makes in the desired direction; often referred to as positive sanctions.
New cards
17
rational model
Under the ________, the state is assumed to be a unitary actor with established goals, a set of possible policy options, and an algorithm for deciding which option best meets its goals.
New cards
18
Societal groups
________ can influence the decisions by mobilizing the media and public opinion, lobbying government agencies responsible for making decisions, influencing the appropriate representative bodies (U.S. Congress), organize transnational networks of people with comparable interests, and make direct contact with the highest government officials.
New cards
19
Mujahideen
________:"holy warriors "for Islamic supporters.
New cards
20
Foreign policy decisions
________ are determined by leaders beliefs that their actions are congruent with the international norms they have appropriated in interpretation of international norms.
New cards
21
Liberals
________ pay attention to natural, tangible, and intangible sources.
New cards
22
stable population
State: An entity that has a geographically defined territory and a(n) ________ owing allegiance to an effective government and that is recognized diplomatically by other states.
New cards
23
UN Security Council
The ROC (Taiwan) decision makers had several options; do nothing, wait until after the upcoming elections, issue diplomatic protests, bring the issue to the ________, threaten or conduct military operations against the PRC (China), or threaten or use economic statecraft.
New cards
24
PRC
The ________ (China) was testing missiles over the ROC (Taiwan) in direct threat to the latters national security.
New cards
25
ROC
The ________ (Taiwan) weighed these costs against the possible benefits of each policy, and chose the one with the most benefits relative to costs.
New cards
26
Infidels
________: Nonbelievers from the West.
New cards
27
Transnational movements
________ can include religion, ideology, environment, human rights, development, opposition to abortion, family planning, or immigration.
New cards
28
Health status
________, age distribution, and level of social services may magnify or constrain state power in regards to population.
New cards
29
Trade
________ and environmental policy are examples of the bureaucratic politics model of decision- making at work.
New cards
30
Statecraft
________: Techniques states use to exert influence and project power including diplomacy, economic, and use of force tools.
New cards
31
Geographic power potential
________ is magnified or constrained by natural resources.
New cards
32
Tacit Bargaining
In ________, actions (as opposed to verbal statements or written proposals) are the critical means of communication.
New cards
33
Bureaucratic Politics Model
The ________: focuses on negotiations among individuals that head various organizations within the government representing different interests.
New cards
34
Ethnonational Movements
________: The participation in organized political activity of self- concious communities sharing an ethnic affiliation; some movements seek autonomy within an organized state; other desire separation and the formation of a new state; still others want to join with a different state.
New cards
35
Track
________ One Diplomacy: Negotiations among government officials taken on behalf of governments.
New cards
36
Extremist groups
________ advocate violence as the means to overthrow corrupt rulers and install religious authority steeped in Sharia law.
New cards
37
Organizational model
The ________ can capture the impact that departments or ministries of government can have.
New cards
38
Deterrence
________: States commit themselves to punishing a target state if that state takes an undesired action.
New cards
39
The 2 types of Track One Diplomacy
Traditional and public diplomacy
New cards
40
Constructivists
________ recognize that power comes from tangible and intangible sources but also ideas and languages.
New cards
41
Kashmir
________ is a mountainous area at the intersection of India, Pakistan, and China.
New cards
42
Compellence
________: A state threatens to use force to try to get another state to do something or to undo an act it has undertaken.
New cards
43
Diplomacy
________: The practice of states trying to influence the behavior of other states by bargaining, negotiating, taking specific noncoercive actions, or refraining from such actions, or appealing to the foreign public for support of a position.
New cards
44
Transnational Movements
________: Groups of people from different states who share religious, ideological, or policy beliefs and who work together to change the status quo.
New cards
45
rational model
The ________ used by rationalists, focuses on outside stimuli that drive decision making of a unitary state actor.
New cards
46
Constructivists
________ hold that foreign policy decisions are based on 2 major factors; the countrys strategic culture, and the leaders interpretation of international norms.
New cards
47
State
An entity that has a geographically defined territory and a stable population owing allegiance to an effective government and that is recognized diplomatically by other states
New cards
48
Power
The ability to influence others and control outcomes, producing results that would not have occurred naturally
New cards
49
Power Potential
A measure of the power an entity like a state could have, derived from a consideration of both its tangible and untangible resources; states may not always be able to transfer their power potential into actual power
New cards
50
Smart Power
A combination of hard and soft power
New cards
51
Statecraft
Techniques states use to exert influence and project power including diplomacy, economic, and use of force tools
New cards
52
Credibility
The quality of having both the ability and incentive to act using a certain policy such that other states believe it will be carried out
New cards
53
Diplomacy
The practice of states trying to influence the behavior of other states by bargaining, negotiating, taking specific noncoercive actions, or refraining from such actions, or appealing to the foreign public for support of a position
New cards
54
Public Diplomacy
Involves a country strategically targeting publics and elites in foreign countries with informational, cultural, and educational programming
New cards
55
Track One Diplomacy
Talks and negotiations among government officials or actions taken as official government policy
New cards
56
Track Two Diplomacy
Consists of individuals from outside the government engaging in informal diplomatic interactions with the aim of helping to resolve their conflicts
New cards
57
Engagement
Getting a target state to act in a desired way by rewarding the moves it makes in the desired direction; often referred to as positive sanctions
New cards
58
Sanctions
Economic, diplomatic and even coercive military force used to enforce an international policy or another states policy; sanctions can be positive (offering to a state) or negative (punishing a state)
New cards
59
Smart Sanctions
Limited sanctions targeted to hurt or support specific groups; used to avoid the humanitarian costs of general sanctions
New cards
60
Compellence
A state threatens to use force to try to get another state to do something or to undo an act it has undertaken
New cards
61
Deterrence
States commit themselves to punishing a target state if that state takes an undesired action
New cards
62
First-strike Capability
The ability to know with absolute certainty that a state could annihilate its adversarys nuclear capability in one go
New cards
63
Organizational Process Model
Emphasizes different government organizations standard operating procedures (SOPs) and routines
New cards
64
The Bureaucratic Politics Model
focuses on negotiations among individuals that head various organizations within the government representing different interests
New cards
65
Satisficing
Settling for a decision that is a minimally acceptable solution, even if that decision is not the best possible outcome
New cards
66
Pluralist Model
Focuses on the fact that societal groups may play very important roles in the foreign policies adopted by states and captures decision-making processes involving these actors
New cards
67
Transnational Movements
Groups of people from different states who share religious, ideological, or policy beliefs and who work together to change the status quo
New cards
68
Extremist Islamic Fundamentalism
Groups seeking to chance states and societies through violent and coercive means to support imposition of Sharia law
New cards
69
Mujahideen
"holy warriors" for Islamic supporters
New cards
70
Jihad
"holy war" for Islam
New cards
71
IS
Islamic State
New cards
72
Infidels
Nonbelievers from the West
New cards
73
Ethnonational Movements
The participation in organized political activity of self-concious communities sharing an ethnic affiliation; some movements seek autonomy within an organized state; other desire separation and the formation of a new state; still others want to join with a different state
New cards
74
Fragile States
State which has ineffective or nonexistent government, widespread lawlessness, often accompanied by insurgency and crime; situation where state authorities are not protecting their own people
New cards
75
The Critical Tangible Sources of Power Potential
* Industrial development, economic diversification, level of infrastructure, and characteristics of the military
New cards
76
Examples of Natural Sources of Power
Geography, natural resources, and population
New cards
77
Examples of Intangible Sources of Power
Image, Public support, and leadership
New cards
78
Globalization
growing integration of world in terms of economics, politics, communications, and culture
New cards
79
Transnational Crime
illicit activities made easier by globalization
New cards
80
Engagement and Sanctions can be used as?
Economic statecraft
New cards
81
Perception is an insignificant factor in a state’s power and influence.
False
New cards
82
Nationalism remains one of the most potent and powerful forces in international relations in the 21st Century.
True
New cards
83
Group think is a potential pitfall and weakness of authoritarian and dictatorial regimes only.
False
New cards
84
Nations are always confined to and exist solely within a single state.
False
New cards
85
Power is static, perpetual and consistent.
False
New cards
86
To a significant degree, demographics are destiny for states.
True
New cards
87
Intangible or soft power resources are weak and insignificant in comparison to tangible or hard power resources.
False
New cards
88
There's no difference between a nation and a nation-state.
False
New cards
89
Social media and new forms of communication technology have significantly empowered the individual in terms of international relations.
True
New cards
90
Generally speaking, political elites do not care about public sentiment in regards to foreign policy and international relations.
False
New cards
91
Individuals have little real influence over foreign policy or impact in international relations.
False
New cards
92
China is a potential peer challenger to the United States for regional hegemony in Far East Asia.
True
New cards
93
From the Realist perspective, the defining characteristic of the international system is anarchy.
True
New cards
94
Utilizing individuals or groups outside government to help resolve conflicts is referred to as
track-two diplomacy
New cards
95
Power
is fluid, dynamic, elusive and transitory.
New cards
96
Xenophobia
is the fear of outsiders, immigrants, foreigners and influence from other cultures. It is also a negative form of soft power.
New cards
97
China
has historically opposed international intervention in sovereign states regardless of their domestic actions.
New cards
98
While voters want their leaders to be politically and ideologically consistent, in order to be successful in developing foreign policy they must be
pragmatic
New cards
99
Realists
hold a state-centric view of international relations.
New cards
100
Treaty of Westphalia
established the current framework for international relations and ushered in the era of the state.