1.2: The Raw Ingredients for Darwinian Evolution

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5 Terms

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evolution

cumulative change in the genetic composition of a population or species over time

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Darwin’s 3 major propositions

  1. species aren’t immutable - pops show phenotypic variation and species change over time. e.g. different coloured snapdragons or different beak sizes in finches. No variation = no evolution

  2. descent with modification - related species share common ancestor and diverged over time. Inheritance of traits happen with mods through many genes. evidence = homologous structures

  3. natural selection - differences in phenotype of individuals makes some survive and reproduce more effectively then others = outcompete. Phenotype most suited (fittest) for enviro = more likely to produce offspring. Driver of evolution

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homologous structures

similar anatomical features in different species, indicating common ancestry and evolutionary relationships.

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speciation

formation of new and distinct species in course of evolution. Evolutionary consequence of reproductive isolation

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what would happen if a population showed no phenotypic variation

No natural selection. If enviro changed, population would be unable to adapt = won’t evolve over time. Possible extinction