Social Studies - Chapter 2

What is Canada's justice system?

The system of laws and institutions for applying laws in society.

What does "fair and equitable" mean?

Applying laws to everyone, but considering personal situations.

What does "innocent until proven guilty" mean?

A person isn’t considered guilty unless there’s proof.

What is legislation?

Laws created by the government.

Why learn about the youth justice system?

To know your rights, think critically, solve problems, and prepare for adulthood.

What age does the Youth Criminal Justice Act apply to?

12 to 17 years old.

What does the YCJA focus on?

Rehabilitation and reintegration, not just punishment.

What are some consequences under the YCJA?

Counseling, community service, restitution.

What does the YCJA protect?

The privacy of young offenders.

Can youth get adult sentences under the YCJA?

Yes, if they are 14+ and the crime is serious.

Can youth avoid a criminal record under the YCJA?

Yes, in most cases.

Who decides consequences if a youth breaks the law?

Police, prosecutors, judges, or community programs.

What factors affect youth sentencing?

Seriousness, history, attitude, and personal circumstances.

What is the purpose of the YCJA?

To prevent crime, rehabilitate youth, and give meaningful consequences.

Why is youth justice separate from adult justice?

Youth are less mature and shouldn’t face the same punishments.

What is the Criminal Code of Canada?

The law that defines adult consequences for crimes.

How is adult justice different from youth justice?

Adults usually go to court, can get long sentences, and have public records.

Why are youth names kept private?

To protect their future and privacy.

What is a Youth Justice Committee?

A group of community volunteers who decide fair consequences with youth and families.

What are sentencing circles?

A traditional Indigenous justice method involving the community and elders.

Why do some Indigenous people see the system as unfair?

They view it as colonial and not based on their traditions.

What is a jury?

A group of 12 people who decide guilt or innocence in a trial.

Who can serve on a jury in Canada?

Any Canadian citizen 18 or older without certain convictions.

What is the role of jurors?

To decide a verdict based only on evidence and law.

What does it mean to be sequestered?

To be isolated during a trial to avoid outside influence.

What is the defence in a trial?

Arguments and evidence showing the accused is innocent.

What is the prosecution in a trial?

Arguments and evidence showing the accused is guilty.

What is the John Howard Society?

A group that helps men, women, boys, and girls in the justice system.

What is the Elizabeth Fry Society?

A group that helps women and girls in the justice system.

What do justice advocacy groups do?

Educate the public, support offenders, and push for fairness.