Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy & Lab Techniques (DAT)

Molecules that have no ___ cannot be seen in IR

net dipole

Between 3200-3400 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

OH

Between 3300-3500 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

NH

At about 3300 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

alkyne CH

Greater than 3000 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

sp2 CH

Less than 3000 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

sp3 CH

Between 2100-2260 cm^-1 is a ___ or ___ stretch

CN, C≡C

Between 1650-1800 cm^-1 is a ___ stretch

C=O

A large, broad peak between 3200-3500 cm^-1 is likely what functional group

alcohol

A single sharp peak between 3200-3500 cm^-1 is likely what functional group

secondary amine

A double sharp peak between 3200-3500 cm^-1 is likely what functional group

primary amine

A broad, jagged peak between 2500-3500 cm^-1 is likely what functional group

carboxylic acid

A large, sharp peak between 1700-1750 cm^-1 is likely what functional group

carbonyl C=O

This spectroscopy technique is used to analyze molecules with conjugated pi bonds

UV-Vis

A higher maximum absorption on UV-Vis means ___ (more/less) conjugated pi bonds

more

Each degree of saturation indicates ___ less hydrogens are present compared to the maximum

2

In mass spectroscopy, the tallest peak in the rightmost section is called the

molecular ion peak

In mass spectrometry, the tallest peak in the rightmost section represents the compounds ___

molecular mass

In mass spectrometry, the tallest peak in the entire spectrum is called the

base peak

In mass spectrometry, the base peak is the most ___ molecular fragment

stable

The ratio of the ion’s mass and charge is called the

m/z ratio

An extraction involves a ___ organic layer and a ___ aqueous layer

hydrophobic, hydrophilic

The organic layer of an extraction is typically on the ___ (top/bottom)

top

The aqueous layer of an extraction is typically on the ___ (top/bottom)

bottom

The bottom layer of an extraction is ___ (more/less) dense

more

This lab technique is similar to a TLC plate and separates components in a mixture based on polarity

column chromatography

In column chromatography, non-polar compounds travel ___ and ___ down than polar compounds

faster and further

This lab technique separates compounds based on differing polarity/IMF strength

TLC

In TLC, the ___ compounds travel further

nonpolar

Nonpolar compounds have ___ (high/low) Rf values

high

This lab technique separates a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points

distillation

When the boiling points of two liquids differ by at least 50ºC, it is a ___ distillation

simple

When the boiling points of two liquids differ by 25ºC or less, it is a ___ distillation

fractional

This lab technique determines the relative abundance of compounds

liquid gas chromatography

In liquid gas chromatography, components with high boiling points travel ___ (faster/slower) and have a ___ (shorter/longer) retention time

slower, longer

This lab technique is a method to purify solids

recrystallization

The solid that is purified in recrystallization must have ___ solubility at high temperatures and ___ solubility at low temperatures

high, low

The bromine test involves reagents Br₂ and CCl₄ and targets

alkene and alkyne

The bromine test is positive when there ___ (is/is not) brown

is not

The baeyer test involves reagent KMnO₄ and targets

alkene and alkyne

The baeyer test is positive when the color turns from ___ to ___

purple to brown

The silver nitrate in alcohol test involves reagents AgNO₃ and ROH and targets

alkyl halides

The silver nitrate in alcohol test is positive when there is a ___ ___ precipitate

silver halide

The iodoform test involves reagents I₂ and NaOH and targets

methyl ketone and acetaldehyde

The iodoform test is positive when there is a ___ ___ precipitate

yellow CH3I

The Tollens’ test involves reagents Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ and OH- and targets

all aldehydes

The TOllens’ test is positive when there is a ___ ___

silver mirror

The Lucas test involves reagents ZnCl₂ and HCl and targets

secondary and primary alcohols

The Lucas test is positive when there is ___

cloudiness

The Jones test involves reagents CrO₂ and H₂SO₄ and targets

primary and secondary alcohols

The Jones test is positive when the color changes from ___ to ___

orange to blue-green