APHUGO 1.1

What information is presented in different types of maps, and how do those maps show spatial patterns, the power of geographic data, and relationship among places?

Reference Maps

They are designed for people to refer to for general information about places.

Political Maps

Show and label boundaries created by humans and designations, like countires, states, cities, and capitals.

Physical Maps

Shows and labels natural features like mountains, rivers, and deserts.

Road Maps

Show and label highways, streets, and alleys.

Plat Maps

Property lines and details of land ownership.

Thematic Maps

Shows spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon.

Choropleth Maps

Uses colors, shades, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

Dot Distribution Maps

Used to show the specific location and distribution of something across a map. Each dot represents a specified quantity.

Graduation Symbol Maps

Uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something. Larger sizes indicate more of something, and smaller sizes indicate less.

Isoline Maps/Isometric Maps

Uses lines that connects points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. Lines closer means rapid change. Lines farther apart means it’s relatively the same.

Cartogram

The sizes of countries are shown according to some specific statistic. In an example, Morocco and Canada were roughly the same size because they both had the same population.

Scale

The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of those things on the map.

Cartographic Scale

Ratio of its size to the size of what is represents. Eg. 1 inch equals ten miles.

Small Scale

Larger amount of area, less detail.

Large Scale

Smaller amount of area, more detail.

Absolute Location

The precise spot where something is.

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator (flat)

Equator

Imaginary line that circles the globe.

Longitude

The distance east or west of Prime Meridian.

Prime Meridian

Line that runs pole to pole.

Relative Location

Where something is by basing it off of other places. eg. The coffee shop is right across from the library.

Connectivity

How well two locations are tied from roads.

Absolute Distance

Measuring distance by actual units of measurements.

Relative Distance

Distance measured by time or money.

Pattern Distribution

The way phenomena is spread throughout the area.

Clustered/Agglomerated

Phenomena arranged in group or concentrated areas. eg. Restaurants in a food court.

Linear

Things arranged in straight line. eg. Towns along a railroad line.

Dispersed

Things spread over large area. eg. Malls in city.

Geometric

Things in regular arrangement. eg. Squares/boxes formed by roads.

Random

No order to position - Pet owners in city.

Mercator

A cylindrical map projection that distorts size but preserves shape, commonly used for navigation.

Peters

A map projection that attempts to represent areas in their true proportions, emphasizing the relative sizes of landmasses, often criticized for its unusual shape.

Conic

A map projection that utilizes a cone shape to represent features on the Earth's surface, preserving area and shape in limited regions, commonly used for mid-latitude regions.

Robinson

A map projection that seeks to minimize distortion in area, shape, distance, and direction, resulting in a visually appealing representation of the whole globe.