Investigation 9

compressibility

a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under a certain amount of pressure

boyle’s law

states that when the temperature and number of particles in a gas are held constant the volume varies inversely with the pressure.

charles law

states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure is held constant

absolute zero

the temperature at which all such motion stops. -273.15 C=0 k

Gay-Lussac’s law

states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is proportional to its temperature if the volume is held constant.

Combined Gas Law

Describes the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature

Avogadro’s Law

the relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of moles of gas

ideal gas

a hypothetical gas that exactly obeys the kinetic model of gasses

ideal gas law

describes the relationship among number of moles, pressure, volume, and temperature

isobaric process

a closed-system for which the pressure is held constant

isothermal process

a closed system process that is held at constant temperature

van der waals equation

modified ideal gas law that takes into account both gas particle size and the intermolecular forces

intensive properties

pressure and temperature

extensive properties

the volume and number of moles of gas to change with scale

specific gas constant

R specific is the gas constant divided by the molar mass

partial pressure

the contribution each gas males to the total atmospheric pressure

dalton’s law

at constant volume and temperature, total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases

diffusion

the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform

effusion

a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

graham’s law of effusion

states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass

saturated vapor pressure

maximum pressure of water vapor in air

dewpoint

the temperature at the air is saturated with water

relative humidity

the perfect ratio of actual water vapor partial pressure to the saturated vapor pressure