SOC 100 EXAM ONE

Social Construction

idea that things exist and how these practices have expectations

Sociology

Study of Social Life

Social Activism

Effort to guide social/political and economic change

Individualistic Perspective

Human behavior and outcomes on individuals

Sociological Imagination

Connection with individual experiences and larger structural forces

Theories

Why phenomena occurs

Rational Choice

Society is shaped by decisions and actions of individuals for their self interest

Functionalism

How society is structured

Conflict Theory

How society is shaped by decisions.

Social order

Power and Inequality

Driven by struggle with dominate and subordinate groups

Symbolic Interactionism

How individuals experience and interpret and create meaning

Dependent Variables

the outcome the researcher is trying to explain

Independent Variable

Factor researchers believe have causal impact on the outcomes

When conducting a study you must have these 3 ethical principals

respect for persons (voluntary- free to choose to start/end participation) (Informal- subjects need relvant info to make decisions)

Beneficence- do not harm/maximize possible benefice

justice- everything is equally distributed

Cultural Appropriation

when one culture borrows elements from another culture

cultural relativism

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

Cultural Globalization

The spread of popular culture across national borders

agents of socialization

families, schools, peer groups

Resocialization

social sense of values ,beliefs and norms are reengineered through a social process

ascribed status

born into

achieved status

a position that is earned or chosen

master status

overrides all others

role strain

tension among the roles connected to a single status

role conflict

conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses

Dramaturical theory

social life is a theatrical performance

Symbolic Interactionism

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions ex hug

New Consumerism

shift from middle class comfort to luxury consumption

Reference groups

groups we compare ourselves to in society

social aggregate

people in the same place

social category

groups of people with common characteristics

dyads/triads

groups of two/3

Embeddedness

friends of friends indirect connections

structural holes

the gaps between individuals and groups in a social network

capital

any asset that is tangible

social capital

connections that gain power

utilitarian

provide income in organizations, personal benefit, business

normative

moral groups, charity, voluntary

Insomorphism

organizations form similar structures and cultures

mimetic

copying successful models

deviance

the recognized violation of cultural norms (weird)

looting

steal goods from (a place), typically during a war or riot.

formal social sanctions

rules or laws prohibiting deviant criminal behavior

informal social sanctions

unspoken rules of social life

social cohesion

social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis

labeling theory

individuals notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of their self-identity

primary deviance

the first act of rule breaking that may lead to a new label of "deviant," how people think about and act toward you

secondary deviance

after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you

broken windows

an approach to crime control that advocates that police not ignore small disturbances lest they lead to bigger crimes

incarceration

putting in prison

purposes of incarceration

-Retribution (punishment for crime)

-Incapacitation (removal from society)

-Deterrence

-Rehabilitation (education, job skills, therapy)

felon disenfranchisement

Loss of voting rights due to felony convictions.