Organic Chemistry - Functional Groups/Hydrocarbons/Intermolecular Forces

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21 Terms

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Alkane

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Alkene

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Alkyne

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Alcohols

<p></p><p></p>
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Ether

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Phenyl Group

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Alkyl Halides

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Amine

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What’s special about amine?

  • It’s degree (1st, 2nd, 3rd) is based on the number of carbons BONDED to the NITROGEN atom.

<ul><li><p>It’s degree (1st, 2nd, 3rd) is based on <strong>the number of carbons BONDED to the NITROGEN atom.</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Ketones

  • R = C ONLY

<ul><li><p>R = C <strong>ONLY</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Carboxylic Acids

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Esters

  • R bonded to O can ONLY be C

<ul><li><p>R bonded to O can <strong>ONLY</strong> be C</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Amides

  • Contains Nitrogen

<ul><li><p>Contains Nitrogen</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Aldehyde

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<p>What is this Aldehyde?</p>

What is this Aldehyde?

  • Formaldehyde

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Acid Chlorides

  • R = C ONLY

<ul><li><p>R = C <strong>ONLY</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Nitriles

  • Contains a triple bond C to N

    • R is sp³ hybridized only

<ul><li><p>Contains a triple bond C to N</p><ul><li><p>R is sp³ hybridized <strong>only </strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Sulfide

  • Contains sulfur

<ul><li><p>Contains sulfur</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Van der Waals forces

  • Also called London forces

  • All compounds exhibit vdw forces

  • Strength depends on surface area

    • Ex: I2 > F2

      • Iodine is larger

    • Branched compounds are weaker than one long chained compound

    • Smaller chains are weaker than longer chains

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Dipole-Dipole

  • Between two polar molecules

    • Stronger than vdw

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Hydrogen Bonding

  • H is directly bonded to O, N, or F

  • Molecules that can hydrogen bond to other molecules like itself must have an N—H or O—H bond

  • Molecules that can hydrogen bond to water must have an O, N, or F bonded to an H with a lone pair