HA&P Lab Exercise 9

What are the two sets of bones that compose of the skull?

1. Cranium (8 bones) encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue

2. Facial bones (14 bones) supports the eyes and position them anteriorly

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking fibrous joints that can be called what?

Sutures

What are the three distinct depressions of the cranial base?

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior cranial fossae

What kind of suture occurs where the left and right parietal bones meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium?

Sagittal suture

What kind of suture is that it runs in the frontal plane, where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone anteriorly?

Coronal suture

What kind of suture occurs where a parietal bone and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull?

Squamous suture

What kind of suture occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posterioly?

Lambdoid suture

What bones are single bones?

Mandible and Vomer

What do the five skull bones of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and paired maxillary bones contain that are mucus-lined air filled cavities and it lightens the skull and acts as a resonance chamber for speech?

Paranasal sinuses

This is of the inflammation of the sinuses, which sometimes it can occur as a result of an allergy or bacterial invasion of the sinus cavities?

Sinusitis

What one is located in the throat above the larynx and it serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles and is horseshoe shaped with a body and two pairs of horns, or cornua?

Hyoid bone

These extend from the skull to the pelvis that forms the body’s major axial support and surrounds and protects the delicate spinal cord while allowing the spinal nerves to emerge from the cord?

Vertebral column

The vertebral column consists of 24 single bones that can be called what and two composite, or fused bones that are connected in such a way as to provide a flexible curved structure?

Vertebrae

Out of the 24 single vertebrae, a. the seven bones of the neck are called ; b. the next 12 are called ; and c. the 5 supporting the lower back are called?

a. Cervical vertebrae

b. Thoracic vertebrae

c. Lumbar vertebrae

What are the vertebrae separated by pads of fibrocartilage called that cushions the vertebrae and absorbs shocks?

Intervertebral discs

This is said to be a ruptured disc that predisposes older people and the anulus fibrosus commonly ruptures and the nucleus pulposus protrudes through it?

Herniated disc

What can the thoracic and sacral curvatures of the spine be referred to because they are present and well developed at birth?

Primary curvatures

What part of the vertebra are rounded central weight-bearing portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column?

Body (Centrum)

What part in the vertebra is composed of two pedicles and two laminae?

Vertebral arch

What part of the vertebra open enclosed by the body and vertebral arch?

Vertebral foramen

What part of the vertebra are two lateral projections from the vertebral arch?

Transverse processes

What part of the vertebra are single medial and posterior projection formed at the junction of the two laminae?

Spinous process

These are paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enable articulation with adjacent vertebrae?

Superior and inferior articular processes

Superior or Inferior articular processes

What a. processes faces toward the spinous process and the other b. faces away from the spinous process?

a. Superior articular processes

b. Inferior articular processes

These are openings which the right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces, for the spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between the adjacent vertebrae?

Intervertebral foramina

What can the seven cervical vertebrae be referred to that forms that the neck portion of the vertebral column?

C1 through C7

What part of the seven cervical vertebrae lacks a body and its lateral processes contain large concave depressions on their superior surfaces that receive the occipital condyles of the skull?

Atlas (C1)

What part of the seven vertebrae acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and above and it bears a large vertical process called the dens that serves as the pivot point?

Axis (C2)

What are the 12 thoracic vertebrae be referred to?

T1 through T12

Within the body, it can somewhat be a heart shaped, that have what two small articulating surfaces on each side that is close to the origin of the vertebral arch?

Costal facets