Period 2 APUSH

Salutatory Neglect

Unofficial British policy in which the British involved themselves in American colonial affairs as little as possible. This hands-off approach allowed the colonies to develop a sense of autonomy and their own distinct culture

Navigation Acts (1651-1673)

tariffs put in place by the British to control trade in and out of the colonies. Required colonists to buy British goods and sell certain goods only to England. Fueled colonist resistance to British rule & dissent.

Pequot war

conflict between pequot indians and colonists in MA & CT. The Indians were outmatched from the beginning and were sold into slavery/driven off by the end.

Metacom’s (King Phillip’s) war (1675-76)

last significant effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive away English settles. VERY VERY Violent

Salem witch trials

developed out of religious and political divisions in New England. Non-conformist women became scapegoats and 150 of them were imprisoned, 20 executed (19 publicly hung).. lots of superstitions.

Powhatan Wars

Series of 3 wars (1610-12, 1622-26, 1644-46). Relative peace existed between the settlers and Powhatan Indians until Powhatan died in 1622. 3rd/final war essentially ended any real Powhatan Indian thread in Virginia.

The Great Awakening

number of periods of Protestant religious revivalism that swept Europe and American colonies in 1730s and 1740s.

Bacon’s rebellion (1676)

tensions arose between settlers and Indians living on frontier of West VA. Bacon organizes his very own militia of hundred of runaway servants and some slaves. Summer 1676- Bacon marches on Jamestown and burns it down.

Spanish Colonization

militarized exploration formed with intend of god(spread religion), gold(for the mainland), and glory(personal success)

French Colonization

focused on fur trade, exploring, converting Native Americans.

Dutch Colonization

Founded colony of New Amsterdam, Dutch wanted it for gold, furs and other resources, English would eventually drive them out.

British Colonization

focused on growing some crops and escape religious oppression, finding new places to live.

Intermarriage

marriage between people of different races, castes, religions. Commonly done by the French and Dutch.

Indentured servants

A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, (usually) without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country. Very inefficient form of labor, since temporary.

Headright system

land grant system. 50 acres of land per indentured servant

Atlantic Slave Trade

Large, Triangular trading system between English mainland colonies, the West indie, and the African shore.

African resistance to slavery

overt and covert methods such as: rebellion (although not often), sabotaging equipment, and running away.

Covert/overt resistance

Covert: subtle, secretive, hidden- breaking tools, pretending to not know the language, infanticide, killing owner via poisoning/arson, stealing food; overt: rebelling, riots.

New England coloniesa

colonies of Connecticut, colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts, and province of New Hampshire.

Puritans

A religious group wanting to purify the Church of England. They fled to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Homogenous society

society where majority share important characteristics like religion, political views, and appearance.

Diverse Middle Colonies

Most of the early settlers depended on fur trade and farming for economic survival. Most populated of the Middle Colonies was Pennsylvania, other colonies were settled rather haphazardly over the course of the 17th century; religiously, ethnically, and demographically diverse; grew cereal grains

staple crops

basic crops that are always needed. Included wheat, barley, and oats. Mainly grown in the Middle Colonies.

Southern colonies

tobacco; labor intensive- indentured servantry and then slavery

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17t century bc they forced natives to adapt to their religion; expelled Spanish for 10-12 years; Spanish began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt.

English View of Land Ownership and Gender Roles

Can be bought of sold, shouldn’t be idle (same views as French, you “owned” it. The “wild” is anyone’s Women, couldn’t own property and were subservient.

African slave trade

African people were taken as slaves to be sold in America, where they would have to work in mines and plantations. The profit went to Europe, where they built goods to be sold to Africans. It was a triangle.

Anglicization

The colonial American desire to emulate English society, including English taste in foods, customs, and architecture.

Enlightenment Ideas

18th century movement in Western philosophy. It was an age of optimism, tempered by realistic recognition of the sad state of human condition and need for major reforms. Less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitude. At its core was critical questioning of tradition

British imperial system

The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

Mercantilism

Economic policy focused on making money for the mother country. Favored positive balance of trade for mother country, and accumulation of gold and silver. (connects with the navigation acts)