Chapter 3 MIS

Insertion Anomaly

Difficulty adding data without required fields.

Deletion Anomaly

Loss of data when related records are deleted.

Foreign Key

Field linking one table to another.

Primary Key

Unique identifier for table records.

One-to-Many Relationship

One entity linked to multiple entities.

Table Structure

Defines columns and data types in a table.

Multi-Table Database

Database design using multiple related tables.

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Visual representation of relationships between tables in a database.

Problems with Single Table Design

Update Anomaly
Insertion Anomaly
Deletion Anomaly

Update Anomaly

Inconsistent data due to missed updates.

Data Redundancy

Unnecessary duplication of data in different databases/tables.

Scalability

Ability to handle increased data volume.

Data Integrity

Accuracy and consistency of stored data.

Data Volume

Amount of data managed by an organization.

Dependency Bubble Diagram

Visual tool for understanding functional data dependencies. Depicts relationships between attributes in tables.

Relational Database

Stores data in two-dimensional tables (rows and columns).

Table

Consists of rows (tuples/records) and columns (attributes/fields).

Entity

A category of things, people, or events in the database.

Attributes

Information about each entity, stored as columns in a table.

Atomic Information

Each cell contains a single piece of information.

Composite Key

A primary key that is made by the combination of more than one field/column.

Partial Dependency

In normalization, a condition in which an attribute is dependent on only a portion (subset) of the primary key.

Transitive Dependency

A condition in which an attribute is dependent on another attribute that is not part of the primary key.

Functional Dependencies

When non-candidate keys (like partial or transitive dependencies) determine other fields.

Normalization

The process of applying rules to a database design to ensure that information is divided into the appropriate tables. Reduces redundancy and organizes data efficiently.

Many-to-Many Relationship

In databases, a relationship in which one record in Table A can relate to many matching records in Table B, and vice versa. Often requires intermediary table.