Exam 4- Skin, Hair and Nails- Abnormalities (part 2)

What is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with new superficial blood vessels growth?

Rosacea

Rosacea most commonly occurs in who?

Middles aged women and fair skin people

Common trigger for rosacea

Hot beverages

Sun

Cold weather

Rosacea has eruptions that occur where?

Forehead, cheeks, nose and occasionally eyes

Rosacea resembles ________ but ________ are not present

Resembles acne but comedones are not present

Males with roascea may have what occur?

Tissue hypertrophy of the nose (rhinophyma)

What kind of infection is herpes zoster?

Varicella-zoster viral infection

What is another name for shingles

Herpes Zoseter

Herpes zoster (shingles) is identical to?

Varicella (chickenpox)

Where does herpes zoster (shingles) like to remain dormant for years at a time?

Posterior spinal ganglia or cranial sensory ganglia

What causes red, swollen, plaques or vesicles along a single dermatome and DOES NOT CROSS MIDLINE

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Herpes simplex type ______ is associated with oral infection

Type 1

Herpes simplex type _______ is associated with genital infection

Type 2

What has tenderness, pain, paresthesia and mild burning at infected site before onset of lesion

Herpes simplex

Herpes lesions last?

2-6 weeks

What is the most common tick-borne disease in the US

Lyme disease

Lyme disease can lead to?

Multisystemic infection

Main symptoms of Lyme disease

Fatigue, anorexia, and headache

-ROUND OVAL WITH CENTRAL CLEARING- BULL`S EYE RASH

Neurological symptoms of Lyme disease

Facial palsy

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Late Lyme disease has what sympomts

Arthritis atrophicans (joint pain)

Immunologically mediated cutaneous reactions to medications

Drug eruptions

Rowell`s sone had a drug eruption from taking?

Penicillin

What is it when a rash appears from 1-several weeks after taking drugs and has a pruritus characterstic

Drug eruptions

Drug eruptions rashes fade in how long?

In 1-3 weeks

Most common presentation of drug eruptions?

Discrete or confluent erythematous macules and papules on the trunk, face, extremities, palms or soles of feet

What is a systemic, brown thickening of the skin with a velvety or slightly verrucous texture?

Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is associated with? Most commonly?

Obesity (most common)

Endocrine syndromes or malignancies

Inherited

Acanthosis nigricans most commonly occurs?

Axillae

-may occur in flexural ares of neck, groin and arms

Acanthosis nigricans having involvement of the dorsal and palmer hands or mucosal surfaces may indicate?

Malignant association

What is the most common form of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

What is a cancer that arises in the basal area of the epidermis

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma most commonly occurs?

Exposed skin (face, neck, ears, scalp, shoulders)

Big thing to look for with basal cell carcinoma

Scarlike nodule, pearly or translucent

White, yellow or waxy (POORLY DEFINED BORDERS)

What is the 2nd most common skin cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

What skin cancer arises in the epithelium?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur most commonly?

Sun-exposed areas

Things to look for with squamous cell carcinoma

Non-healing sore or lesion that grows

Scaly red patch with irregular borders

Elevated with central depression

"Wart like"

What is a lethal for of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes?

Malignant melanoma

What do you look for with malignant melanoma

ABCDE changes in moles

Kaposi sarcoma is commonly associated with?

HIV infection

What is caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus 8

Kaposi sarcoma

Big thing to look for with Kaposi sarcoma

SOFT BLUISH PURPLE AND PAINLESS SKIN LESIONS

Presenting symptoms of HIV/AIDS

A in the ABCDE warning signs of skin lesion

Asymmetric surface or unequal halves

B in the ABCDE warning signs of skin lesion

Border is irregular, notched, scalloped or indistinct

C in the ABCDE warning sings of skin lesion

Mixed color, speckled or BLACK

D in warning sings of skin lesions

Diameter of growth EXCEEDS 6mm

E in warning sings of skin lesions

Evolving

What is a sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair usually on scalp or face

Alopecia areata

Regrowth from alopecia areata beings?

1-3 months

Hair loss from alopecia areata has?

Sharply defined round areas

Skin disorders of scalp or follicles result in scarring and destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss?

Scarring alopecia

Scarring alopecia has what pattern of hair loss

Patchy, irregular hair loss

What occurs form prolonged tension of hair form traction and breaks the hair shaft?

Traction alopecia

What is the good news with traction alopecia

Follicle is not damaged and loss is reversible

What can cause traction alopecia

Certain hairstyle (braids, using hair rollers and hot combs)

What is alopecia with inflammation and scarring around the hair follicles that occurs on the central crown or vortex of the scalp?

Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)

Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA) is common in who?

Black women

What is growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern?

Hirsutism

-excessive hair growth on face or body

What can cause Hirsutism

High androgen levels

Hair follicles more sensitive to normal androgen levels