Steps of the Urea Cycle

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Step 1

Ammonia and carbon dioxide are combined to form carbamoyl phosphate, a high-energy compound. This step is catalyzed by the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I)

<p>Ammonia and carbon dioxide are combined to form carbamoyl phosphate, a high-energy compound. This step is catalyzed by the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I)</p>
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Step 2

Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with ornithine, an amino acid, to form citrulline. This step is catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)

<p>Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with ornithine, an amino acid, to form citrulline. This step is catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)</p>
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Step 3

Citrulline is transported to the cytoplasm and reacts with aspartate, another amino acid, to form argininosuccinate. This reaction requires ATP and is catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase

<p>Citrulline is transported to the cytoplasm and reacts with aspartate, another amino acid, to form argininosuccinate. This reaction requires ATP and is catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase</p>
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Step 4

Argininosuccinate is broken down into arginine and fumarate. This step is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase

<p>Argininosuccinate is broken down into arginine and fumarate. This step is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase</p>
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Step 5

Arginine is hydrolyzed to form urea, which is then excreted in the urine, and ornithine, which is transported back to the mitochondria to continue the cycle

<p>Arginine is hydrolyzed to form urea, which is then excreted in the urine, and ornithine, which is transported back to the mitochondria to continue the cycle</p>